Acute appendicitis and infectious mononucleosis.

Epidemiologic Features of Appendicitis

“…Evidence for an association with these pathogens is scant. It is suggested that because of the latency period from infection with these viruses to induction of appendicitis the link between the two is missed because we do not routinely perform studies to determine recent infections with these viruses (Thalayasingam, 1985;Dzabic, et al, 2008). The infection hypothesis may explain why some patients with a good history and signs of appendicitis recover spontaneously without operation and may be the explanation for the finding of fibrosis in the submucosa of the appendix showing that previous inflammation h a d o c c u r r e d .…”

“…Dengue, Influenza, Epstein-Barr, Rota and Cytomegaloviruses has been linked to appendicitis (Alder, et al, 2010;Boon-Siang, et al, 2006;Livingston, et al, 2007;Thalayasingam, 1985). Similarly, bacteria such as Campylobacter, Brucella and Salmonella (Campbell LK et al, 2006;Chan, et al, 1983;Lau, et al, 2005;Pourbagher, et al, 2006) as well as parasites like Entameba histolytica, Schistosoma mansonii/japonicum, and Enterobius vermicularis (Andrade, et al, 2007;Elazary, et al 2005;Gali, et al, 2008;Gotohda, et al, 2000;Isik, et al, 2007;McCarthy, et al, 2002;Sah & Bhadani, 2006;Terada, 2009) have been isolated in specimens or indirectly implicated in the pathogenesis of appendicitis.…”

Appendicitis as an immunological disease: Why it is uncommon in Africans

“…[9] Bacterial proliferation, luminal mucus elaboration and inflammatory mediators all have roles. The inciting cause may be intraluminal (fecalith, foreign bodies, [10] parasites, [11] barium [12] or colonoscopy [13,14] ), intramural (tumours, [15,16] dengue, [17] CMV, [18] HIV, [19] EBV, [20] campylobacteriosis, [21,22] tuberculosis, [23,24] salmonellosis, [25] brucellosis, [26] schistosomiasis, [16,27,28] amebiasis [11,29] and enterobiasis [16] ), extrinsic (trauma, [30] genital infections [31] or displaced Cu-T [32] ) or remote (sandstorm [33] and air-pollution [34] ).…”