Appendicitis as an immunological disease: Why it is uncommon in Africans

The Association Between Barium Examination and Subsequent Appendicitis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

“…Increasing evidence suggests that the development of appendicitis is a multifactorial mechanism. 17,[21][22][23][24] Reduced intestinal mucosal integrity is believed to precipitate appendicitis. Beyond the obstruction theory about barolith (or fecalith) leading to appendicitis, some authors have suggested other possible mechanisms of appendicitis, including increased luminal pressure, which can cause barotrauma and mucosal defects during colonoscopy; mucosal ulceration induced by viral infection or ischemia; type I hypersensitivity or other immune responses to allergens; and constipation, which increases susceptibility to infection.…”

“…To control potential confounders of severe underlying illness, patients with the following comorbidities were excluded: human immunodeficiency virus disease, disorders involving the immune mechanism, endstage renal disease, inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis), and GI tract malignancy. [16][17][18] To avoid surveillance bias and the interaction of other GI examinations, patients who underwent abdominal computed tomography, colonoscopy, or GI imaging studies using water-soluble contrast within 1 year from the index date were also excluded. After applying the same exclusion criteria, randomly selected subjects without BE exposure were propensity score-matched to each patient of the BE cohort on sex, age, and comorbidities of diabetes and intestinal infectious diseases (indicating proven intestinal infections of specific pathogens like cholera, salmonella, shigella, amoeba, protozoa, viruses) as the non-BE cohort.…”

Seruma citokīnu pārmaiņas akūta apendicīta un akūta mezenteriāla limfadenīta gadījumā bērniem. Promocijas darbs

“…Limfoīdo audu hiperplāzija ir biežākais obstrukcijas iemesls bērniem, kas cieši ir saistīts ar AA incidenci šajā vecumā[Sullins and Lee, 2014;Jackson et al, 2014;Fares, 2014;Bernstein et al, 2013;Guinane et al, 2013; Avots:[Lamps et al, 2008] Papildus faktori, kas rada iekaisīga rakstura izmaiņas aklās zarnas piedēklī un ietekmē to no ārpuses, ir saaugumi vēdera dobumā, vēdera dobuma trauma un mazā iegurņa iekaisuma slimības. Zinātniskajā literatūrā ir analizēti arī dati par apkārtējās vides piesārņojuma ietekmi uz aklās zarnas piedēkļa iekaisīgām izmaiņām[Sanda et al, 2010].Infekciju izpausmes smagums gremošanas traktā lielā mērā ir saistīts ar pastiprinātu higiēnas jeb sanitāri epidemioloģisko piesardzības pasākumu ievērošanu. Šādos apstākļos gremošanas trakta gļotādai tiek liegta sensibilizācija ar iespējamiem apkārtējas vides patogēniem mikroorganismiem, lai tie ar dabīgās imunitātes palīdzību tiktu atpazīti un iznīcināti brīdī, kad tie atkārtoti nonāk cilvēka organismā.…”