Acute and subchronic oral toxicities of Calendula officinalis extract in Wistar rats

Background:Calendula officinalis (C. officinalis), commonly known as pot marigold, is a medicinal herb with excellent antimicrobial, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activity.Aim:To evaluate the efficacy of C. officinalis in reducing dental plaque and gingival inflammation.Materials and Methods:Two hundred and forty patients within the age group of 20-40 years were enrolled in this study with their informed consent. Patients having gingivitis (probing depth (PD) ≤3 mm), with a complaint of bleeding gums were included in this study. Patients with periodontitis PD ≥ 4 mm, desquamative gingivitis, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), smokers under antibiotic coverage, and any other history of systemic diseases or conditions, including pregnancy, were excluded from the study. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups – test group (n = 120) and control group (n = 120). All the test group patients were advised to dilute 2 ml of tincture of calendula with 6 ml of distilled water and rinse their mouths once in the morning and once in the evening for six months. Similarly, the control group patients were advised to use 8 ml distilled water (placebo) as control mouthwash and rinse mouth twice daily for six months. Clinical parameters like the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), and oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S) were recorded at baseline (first visit), third month (second visit), and sixth month (third visit) by the same operator, to rule out variable results. During the second visit, after recording the clinical parameters, each patient was subjected to undergo a thorough scaling procedure. Patients were instructed to carry out regular routine oral hygiene maintenance without any reinforcement in it.Results:In the absence of scaling (that is, between the first and second visit), the test group showed a statistically significant reduction in the scores of PI, GI, SBI (except OHI-S) (P < 0.05), whereas, the control group showed no reduction in scores when the baseline scores were compared with the third month scores. Also, when scaling was performed during the third month (second visit), there was statistically significant reduction in the scores of all parameters, when the third month scores were compared with the sixth month scores in both groups (P < 0.05), but the test group showed a significantly greater reduction in the PI, GI, SBI, and OHI-S scores compared to those of the control group.Conclusion:Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that calendula mouthwash is effective in reducing dental plaque and gingivitis adjunctive to scaling.

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“…Lagarto et al ., have demonstrated very low acute and subchronic oral toxicities of C. officinalis extract in Wistar rats. [34]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Calendula officinalis as an anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis agent

Khairnar

Pawar

Marawar

et al. 2013

J Indian Soc Periodontol

113

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“…All procedures used for sub-chronic toxicity assessment followed the same protocol mentioned for the acute toxicity evaluation as well as that by Lagarto et al (2011). Animals were acclimatized for at least one week prior to toxicity testing.…”

Section: Sub-chronic Toxicity Study In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity study of the extract and powder of Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urb. in mice

Silva¹,

Athayde²,

Cezar³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the experimental acute and sub-chronic toxicities of Operculina macrocarpa with plant extract and powder, respectively, in male and female mice. Phytochemical prospection was performed with extract and administration in single doses by intraperitoneal route to six groups and control at 1230, 970, 700, 350, 120 and 30 mg/kg doses and distilled water (0.1 ml/10 g), respectively. Sub-chronic doses of 1230, 700, 30 mg/kg/day and satellite (1230 mg/kg/day) were administered orally in feed. Major endpoints included alterations in the central and autonomic nervous system, water and food intake, body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters. Phytochemical screening identified compounds: Alkaloids, flavonoids, xanthones, leucoanthocyanidins and tannins condensate. In the acute study, mortality was observed with toxicity signs to the central nervous system (CNS) at LD 50 of 270 mg/kg. There were no significant changes in water and food intake, body weight, haematological and biochemical parameters, and histopathological examination in the subchronic study (p value). Results indicate that the oral administration of O. macrocarpa powder in feed is less toxic and relatively safer.

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“…Dried flower is used as a spice and falls under generally recognized as safe (GRAS) category by the USFDA. Various calendula preparations are approved for their use in traditional medicine by the European Medicines Agency (9). Calendula extract contains a number of phytoconstituents and its chemical composition depends on the extraction method and/or part of plant used for the extraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory effect of Calendula officinalis on altered antioxidant status and renal parameters in diabetic rats

et al. 2016

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with consequently increased formation and accumulation of glucose derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs) (4,5) in tissue leading to oxidative damage. Further persistent decrement in the level of insulin adversely deranges the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in mammalian tissues leading to secondary complications. Application of phytochemicals for the treatment of various ailments has been used since dawn of civilization. Herbal drugs are undoubtedly attractive and reliable alternative for management of diseases due to their easy accessibility, efficacy and importantly being natural herbs are considered to be safe (6). Ethnobotanical reports suggest that more than 800 plants to

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Acute and subchronic oral toxicities of Calendula officinalis extract in Wistar rats

Cited by 30 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of Calendula officinalis as an anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis agent

Evaluation of Calendula officinalis as an anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis agent

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity study of the extract and powder of Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urb. in mice

Modulatory effect of Calendula officinalis on altered antioxidant status and renal parameters in diabetic rats

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