Acute and Chronic Toxic Effects of Chloramphenicol on Scenedesmus Obliquus and Chlorella Pyrenoidosa

Abstract

The acute and chronic toxicological effects of Chloramphenicol (CAP) on Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa are not well understood. The indoor experiments were carried to observe and analyze the CAP induced changes. Results of the observations have showed that CAP exposure could significantly inhibit the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in almost all the treated groups, while Chlorella pyrenoidosa exhibited less sensitivity. Chlorophyll-a syntheses of Scenedesmus obliquus were all inhibited by CAP exposure, while Chlorella pyrenoidosa displayed obvious stimulation effect. Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of both algae were promoted in all the treatments. The experimental results indicated that the growth and Chlorophyll-a syntheses of Scenedesmus obliquus were more sensitive in response to CAP exposure than that of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. While for CAT and SOD activities, Chlorella pyrenoidosa showed more susceptible. This research provides a basic understanding of CAP toxicity to aquatic organisms.

Evaluation of the subtle effects and oxidative stress response of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol in Daphnia magna

“…Moreover, increases in CAT activities are also considered adaptive traits against the damage caused by oxidative stress (Rasheed and Mukerji, ). The study conducted by Zhang et al (,b) also indicated that CAT activity in S. obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa was significantly increased compared with controls after exposure to chloramphenicol (5–100 mg/L), which is in line with our results showing that ≥100 mg/L chloramphenicol dramatically increased CAT activity in D. magna .…”

“…Assays were carried out in 100‐mL glass beakers with 50 mL of the test medium, and each test concentration had 10 replicates with one neonate each. The medium was renewed daily; the neonates were fed every day during the 21‐d exposure with a regime of 3 × 10 5 cell/mL S. obliquus (Zhang et al ,b). The dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature were measured before and after each renewal.…”

“…The body size of each organism was measured with an optical microscope (Motic SMZ, 140 series, Motic China Group) that had an ocular micrometer at the end of the exposure to mirror the growth. The body length was defined as the distance from the top of the eye to the base of the spine (Zhang et al ,b).…”

Degradation of Chloramphenicol in Synthetic and Aquaculture Wastewater Using Electrooxidation

“…It has been widely used in aquaculture and animal‐farming industries because of its broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity (Lu et al, 2009). Exposure to CAP can trigger severe allergic reactions, especially aplastic anemia (Zhang et al, 2013; Tan et al, 2017; US National Library of Medicine, 2017). Its use is now prohibited in many countries because of its adverse effects on human health (Nicolich et al, 2006).…”