Research studies concerning the action of cannabis and its .derivatives on numerous aspects of animal behavior including spontaneous activity, escape and avoidance behavior, schedule-controlled behavior, state-dependent learning, miscellaneous appetitively and nonappetitively motivated behavior, food and water intake, and aggression are reviewed. Disparate findings are discussed and attributed mainly to differences in dosage and experimental procedure. It is suggested that in a number of instances the effects of cannabis are similar to those of anticholinergic drugs. Guidelines for future research are suggested.