Acute Aerobic Exercise and Plasma Levels of Orexin A, Insulin, Glucose, and Insulin Resistance in Males With Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Background: The endocrine system disruptions are the main factors in metabolic disorders which are due to lifestyle changes, obesity, and aging. Insulin resistance is impaired glucose homeostasis in the presence of insulin and is related to many diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of acute aerobic exercise on plasma levels of orexin A, insulin, glucose, and insulin resistance in males with type 2 diabetes. Patients and Methods: Twenty subjects (mean age = 45.40 ± 5.42 years, mean weight = 80.91 ± 6.35 kg, body mass index = 25.41 ± 2.76 kg/ m 2 ) were randomly assigned into control and experimental groups, involving 10 people in each group. The exercise protocol consisted of one session of acute aerobic exercise on a treadmill at 60% maximal oxygen uptake and the same energy expenditure (300 kcal), which were determined by gas analyzers. Subjects were subjected to samplings before, immediately after, and 24 hours after the acute aerobic exercise. Results:The analysis of findings in P ≤ 0.05 indicated that acute aerobic exercise caused a significant increase in plasma levels of orexin A and a significant decrease in plasma levels of glucose immediately after the aerobic activity, but insignificantly affected the plasma levels of insulin and insulin resistance. Conclusions: It seems that in people with type 2 diabetes, acute aerobic exercise can decrease the plasma levels of glucose, possibly through increasing orexin A. In addition, negative energy balance is necessary to decrease the levels of insulin and insulin resistance during acute aerobic exercise.

<p>Antidiabetic Effects of Physical Activity: How It Helps to Control Type 2 Diabetes</p>

“…105 The insulin resistance in individuals with T2DM can also be reduced via increasing the plasma levels of orexin-A and reducing in plasma levels of glucose and insulin by exercise. 112 The finding showed that exercise training improves insulin resistance and decreases diacylglycerol and ceramides. 167 A short-term aerobic exercise leads to reduced arterial stiffness in both common carotid and femoral arteries, while this decrease of stiffness was related with improvements of insulin resistance in T2DM patients.…”

“…Regarding aerobic exercise, the study found that aerobic exercise improves glycemic control, [93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104] insulin sensitivity, [105][106][107] insulin action, 70 body composition, 99 quality-of-life, 108 physical capacity, 99 nerve function, 109 functional capacity, 110 and cardiorespiratory fitness, 101,111 reduces insulin resistance, 97,112,113 insulin levels, 96 lipid profile, 97 BP, 97,100 cardiovascular risk, 106 hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, 95,111 and waist circumstances, 100 and modulates inflammatory cytokine levels 113 and adipocytokines 113 in T2DM patients.…”

“…116 Furthermore, the studies showed that PA improves insulin resistance. 10,72,73,97,112,113,144,[166][167][168][169] The evidence presented that an accumulation of lipid in skeletal muscle is assumed to be associated to the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. Exercise was found to decrease accumulation of lipids in muscle which in turn reduces the resistance.…”

Subcutaneous adipose tissue browning, serum orexin-A, and insulin resistance following aerobic exercise in high-fat diet obesity male wistar rats

“…[ 6 22 23 ] In this study, consistent with the previous findings,[ 11 24 ] after the end of the training period in the HFDO-AEX group, values were significantly modified [Figures 1 and 2 ]. It seems that aerobic exercise with effect on irisin,[ 25 ] lactate,[ 26 ] heart's natriuretic peptides,[ 4 ] Cannabinoid receptors,[ 21 ] CO 2 ,[ 27 ] and glucose hemostasis[ 28 ] has been affecting the secretion of OXA in the central nervous system. One plausible explanation for this findings is that aerobic exercises are the most potent factors contributing to the improvement of serum OXA,[ 23 ] in addition OXA through an Orexin receptor 1/cAMP signaling pathway potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decreased the amount of circulating glucose.…”