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Background Patients with a low body mass index may have inadequate high-quality adipose tissue for transplantation. The influence of high-energy diets on adipose tissue and graft retention remains unknown. Objectives We explored inguinal fat pad alternation in mice fed on a short-time high-fat diet (HFD) or a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) preoperatively and the morphological and histological differences after transplantation. Methods Mice were fed HFD (60% kilocalories from fat, 20% from carbohydrate), HCD (9.3% kilocalories from fat, 80.1% from carbohydrate), or normal (12% kilocalories from fat, 67% kilocalories from carbohydrate) diets for 2 or 4 weeks. Histological analyses were carried out following hematoxylin and eosin staining, and CD34 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining. The uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) expression was determined by western blotting. Fat pads from each group were grafted into the dorsal region of the recipient mice and morphological and histological changes were determined 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-transplantation. Vascular endothelial growth factor α and platelet-derived growth factor α expression were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results The inguinal fat pad volume increased in the HFD and HCD groups. The presence of multilocular adipocytes in inguinal fat of HCD-fed mice, combined with the increased UCP-1 content, suggested adipocyte browning. HCD grafts showed higher volume retention and reduced oil cyst formation, possibly attributed to better angiogenesis and adipogenesis. Conclusions HCD enlarged adipose tissue and improved grafts survival rates, which may be due to the browning of fat before grafting and enhanced angiogenesis after grafting.
Background Patients with a low body mass index may have inadequate high-quality adipose tissue for transplantation. The influence of high-energy diets on adipose tissue and graft retention remains unknown. Objectives We explored inguinal fat pad alternation in mice fed on a short-time high-fat diet (HFD) or a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) preoperatively and the morphological and histological differences after transplantation. Methods Mice were fed HFD (60% kilocalories from fat, 20% from carbohydrate), HCD (9.3% kilocalories from fat, 80.1% from carbohydrate), or normal (12% kilocalories from fat, 67% kilocalories from carbohydrate) diets for 2 or 4 weeks. Histological analyses were carried out following hematoxylin and eosin staining, and CD34 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining. The uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) expression was determined by western blotting. Fat pads from each group were grafted into the dorsal region of the recipient mice and morphological and histological changes were determined 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-transplantation. Vascular endothelial growth factor α and platelet-derived growth factor α expression were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results The inguinal fat pad volume increased in the HFD and HCD groups. The presence of multilocular adipocytes in inguinal fat of HCD-fed mice, combined with the increased UCP-1 content, suggested adipocyte browning. HCD grafts showed higher volume retention and reduced oil cyst formation, possibly attributed to better angiogenesis and adipogenesis. Conclusions HCD enlarged adipose tissue and improved grafts survival rates, which may be due to the browning of fat before grafting and enhanced angiogenesis after grafting.
Background: Adipose tissue pathology plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Understanding the impact of exercise training on adipose tissue adaptation is of paramount importance in enhancing metabolic health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of various exercise modalities on three distinct adipose tissue depots, namely, interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), in a murine model of diabetes.Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice received a 12-week high-fat diet and a single injection of streptozotocin, followed by an 8-week exercise intervention. The exercise intervention included swimming, resistance training, aerobic exercise, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT).Results: We found that exercise training reduced body weight and body fat percentage, diminished adipocyte size and increased the expression of mitochondria-related genes (PGC1, COX4, and COX8B) in three adipose tissue depots. The effects of exercise on inflammatory status include a reduction in crown-like structures and the expression of inflammatory factors, mainly in eWAT. Besides, exercise only induces the browning of sWAT, which may be related to the expression of the sympathetic marker tyrosine hydroxylase. Among the four forms of exercise, HIIT was the most effective in reducing body fat percentage, increasing muscle mass and reducing eWAT adipocyte size. The expression of oxidative phosphorylation and thermogenesis-related genes in sWAT and eWAT was highest in the HIIT group.Conclusion: When targeting adipose tissue to improve diabetes, HIIT may offer superior benefits and thus represents a more advantageous choice.
(1) Background: Obesity is a global epidemic issue that has increased greatly in recent decades. Although interventions such as nutritional approaches and the practice of physical exercise are potential therapies to combat obesity, in some cases they are not sufficient. Therefore, the development of new pharmacological treatments is necessary. Combining these therapies with non-pharmacological alternatives could be an interesting strategy for treating obesity. Considered a pharmacological treatment for overactive bladder (OAB), mirabegron is also categorized as a β(3)-adrenoceptor agonist, and is used in recommended doses of 25 mg and 50 mg. Animal models have shown that the administration of 0.8 mg/kg of mirabegron leads to elevated activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. (2) Results: Findings suggest that the pharmacological application of mirabegron has numerous beneficial effects in lipid metabolism, suggesting a potential action against obesity. In this context, physical exercise and mirabegron stimulate browning activation using different mechanisms. (3) Conclusions: According to the results of the studies presented in this review, mirabegron may be a promising pharmacological treatment for obesity due to its significant effects on estimated energy expenditure (EER) through thermogenesis elevation, BAT activation, and WAT browning seen in dosages up to 100 mg. In addition, the administration of mirabegron combined with physical exercise may be a potential alternative for increasing the body’s energy expenditure, with actions in distinct signaling pathways. Thus, physical exercise combined with mirabegron can alleviate some adverse side effects encountered with the use of the medication. Finally, although there have been advances in knowledge, more studies are needed to understand the combined effects of using mirabegron and physical exercise.
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