Acute adrenal insufficiency as a mysterious cause of shock following percutaneous coronary intervention: a cardiologist’s nightmare

Abstract

The differential diagnosis of shock following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is vast. Access site complications and bleeding can cause hypovolemic shock. Peri-procedural myocardial infarction, abrupt closure, stent thrombosis, coronary dissection and coronary perforation have a stormy presentation. Vasovagal shock is manifested by bradycardia and hypotension and quickly responds to atropine. Anaphylactic shock secondary to contrast administration can be stormy but usually responds to steroids or adrenaline. Septicemia due to unsterile techniques can cause a less dramatic shock. Acute adrenal insufficiency causing shock following PCI has not been described to the best of our knowledge. We report the case of a 54-year-old woman who underwent successful multivessel PCI. She had refractory unexplained shock following the PCI with no much response from inotropic or intra-aortic balloon pump. After ruling out all possible causes of shock and clinical suspicion of adrenal insufficiency, she was treated with steroids resulting in dramatic improvement in her hemodynamics.

Old woman with Sheehan's syndrome suffered severe hyponatremia following percutaneous coronary intervention: a case report and review of literature

“…Although severe hyponatremia following PCI in SHS patients is not extensively reported, there are cases of female patients exhibiting life-threatening adrenal dysfunction post-PCI ( 30 , 31 ). The lowest blood sodium level in these cases is 122 mmol/L, and there is no hypoglycemia.…”

“…Glucocorticoids have good therapeutic effects. The difference is that these patients exhibit significant hypotension, shock, and even Takotsubo syndrome ( 30 , 31 ).…”

“…Although severe hyponatremia following PCI in SHS patients is not extensively reported, there are cases of female patients exhibiting life-threatening adrenal dysfunction post-PCI (30,31).…”