Actuation Modeling of Ionic–Polymer Metal Composite Actuators Using Micromechanics Approach

Abstract

Herein, the movement of hydrated cations in ionic–polymer metal composite (IPMC) is analyzed by the micromechanics method. Based on the mechanism of IPMC, the migration of hydrated cations is in a step‐by‐step order, and the aggregation of hydrated cations on the cathode side results in the bending of IPMC toward the anode. The physical models of the maximum displacement and maximum blocking force of IPMC are established, the Pt IPMCs are prepared by chemical deposition, and the calculated values are compared with the experimental values. The results indicate that there is water electrolysis in the actuation process of IPMC, which inhibits the migration of ions on the electrode surface and has a negative effect on the property of IPMC. By comparing the calculated value of the model with the experimental value, it is found that there is good consistency. The mathematical statistical metrics, mean absolute error, mean relative error, determination coefficient, correlation coefficient, mean square error, root mean square error, and relative root mean square error, are used to assess the model capability, which puts a theoretical foundation for the prediction and simulation of IPMC and promotes the further development and practical application of IPMC.

An Antifatigue Liquid Metal Composite Electrode Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Artificial Muscle with Excellent Electromechanical Properties

“…Solid-state electrodes such as copper and platinum prepared by electrochemical reduction were composed of many nanometal particles strongly combined, which can provide a large specific surface area . Therefore, eutectic gallium indium alloy and platinum (EGaIn/Pt) composite electrodes were used in this study, which could not only guarantee the stable resistance value in the actuation process but also bring greater specific capacitance value by the virtue of the nanoparticle structure of the platinum electrode so that IPMC actuators could have a faster response time, a longer stable operation time, and promote the migration efficiency of hydrated cations in the membrane. − …”

“…Through physical model analysis, IPMC with a sandwich structure can be equivalent to a double-layer capacitor. , Mass-specific capacitance is one of the key indexes to characterize the performances of the capacitor. , The electrochemical properties of EGaIn/Pt-IPMC were tested using an electrochemical workstation, including EGaIn-IPMC and Pt-IPMC. Figure a shows the typical reversible cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of the double-layer capacitor.…”

Computer Vision System: Measuring Displacement and Bending Angle of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites

“…An IPMC sample with the dimensions 10 × 50 mm was prepared according to meth ods prescribed in the literature [35,36]. Nafion-117, obtained from Ion Power GmbH and tetraammineplatinum(II) chloride hydrate (98%), obtained from Sigma-Aldrich was used The IPMC was soaked in a 2 M lithium chloride solution.…”

Soft Actuator Materials for Electrically Driven Haptic Interfaces

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 293 ] Copyright 2020, John Wiley and Sons. C) Peano‐hydraulically amplified self‐healing electrostatic (HASEL) actuator demonstrating a zipping motion of the electrodes upon application of voltage, displacing the liquid dielectric, leading to actuation response.…”

“…[ 71 ] This resulting pressure exerts a force on the stretchable membrane, causing its deformation (Figure 4B). [ 293 ] This actuation mechanism leverages on the amplification of hydraulic pressure, as described by Pascal's law.where F is the force, p is pressure, and A is the effective surface area, where the liquid is in contact with the stretchable membrane. As Maxwell's stress is effectively converted into fluid pressure with minimal losses, force amplification arises from the effective surface area of the stretchable membrane.…”