“…In insects, neuropeptides and their receptors also play significant roles in controlling myriad physiological processes, including development, reproduction, feeding, homeostasis, courtship, circadian rhythm, olfaction, movement, water, and ion homeostasis, among others (Schoofs et al, 2017 ; Dickinson et al, 2019 ; Pandit et al, 2019 ). Due to their specificity and high activity at low concentrations, neuropeptides have also been investigated as potential leads for developing new environmentally-friendly pest control agents (Xiong et al, 2019 ). Importantly, many neuropeptides are capable of pleiotropic actions such as enabling them to function as neuromodulators, co-transmitters or circulating hormones, some of effects may be exerted simultaneously (Nassel et al, 2019 ).…”