Activity of fungal culture filtrates against soybean cyst nematode and root-knot nematode egg hatch and juvenile motility

Abstract

Fungi were isolated from soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) eggs collected in China, and 253 fungal isolates were assayed for production of compounds active against SCN and root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne incognita). Fungal isolates were grown for 3 and 7 days in potato dextrose broth (PDB), the culture broths were sterile-ltered to remove fungal biomass, and the ltrates were placed into 24-well plates to test for effects on egg hatch and juvenile motility. Meloidogyne incognita egg hatch ranged from 2 to 121% of hatch in PDB controls and H. glycines hatch from 15 to 224%. Activities of ltrates harvested after 3 and 7 days were signi cantly correlated. Only four isolates produced ltrates that signi cantly inhibited juvenile motility of SCN, RKN or both nematodes. This study identi ed fungal isolates capable of producing compounds active against these nematodes, and demonstrated that there was a low correlation in activity against SCN and RKN. The active fungal isolates are candidates for studies on identi cation of potential nematicides.

Natural occurrence of fungal egg parasites of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. in organic and integrated vegetable production systems in Spain

“…Most of the isolated fungi have the capacity to parasitize or be antagonists of RKN or cyst nematode eggs in vitro, pot or field experiments like Cladosporium sphaerospermum (Meyer et al 2004), Dactylella oviparasitica, Fusarium equiseti (Nitao et al 2001), F. oxysporum (Olatinwo et al 2006), F. solani (Zareen et al 2001), Monacrosporium thaumasium, Myrothecium verrucaria, Chaetomium sp., Thielavia sp., (Sun et al 2006), Paecilomyces lilacinus (Kiewnick and Sikora 2006;Kiewnick et al 2011), Plectosphaerella cucumerina (Atkins et al 2003), and P. chlamydosporia (Sorribas et al 2003;Kerry and HidalgoDiaz 2004). Colletotrichum coccodes was reported associated to potato cyst nematode by van der Laan (cited in Jones et al 1986) although it was not Integrated c 9.4 ± 3.2 1.4 ± 0.24 0.6 ± 0.13 0.8 ± 0.06…”

Screening culture filtrates of fungi for activity against Tylenchulus semipenetrans

“…Conversely, the culture filtrate could affect nematode behaviour, but lack nematocidal activity. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of P. lilacinus culture filtrates on T. semipenetrans have not been investigated, although the production in liquid cultures of compounds with activity against root-knot and cystforming nematodes has been reported (Molina and Davide, 1986;Cayrol et al, 1989;Shabana and Khan, 1992;Chen et al, 2000;Meyer et al, 2004). Nevertheless, the activity of a given culture filtrate can vary with the culture medium, culture conditions, and fungal isolate, and they can determine the type of secondary metabolites produced, and may even cause shifts in their biogenic pathways (Cayrol et al, 1989;Stadler and Anke, 1995;Hallmann and Sikora, 1996;Chen et al, 2000).…”

“…Nevertheless, the activity of a given culture filtrate can vary with the culture medium, culture conditions, and fungal isolate, and they can determine the type of secondary metabolites produced, and may even cause shifts in their biogenic pathways (Cayrol et al, 1989;Stadler and Anke, 1995;Hallmann and Sikora, 1996;Chen et al, 2000). Culture filtrates can also differ in their activity according to the stage of the nematode life cycle, and from one nematode species to another (Cayrol et al, 1989;Hallmann and Sikora, 1996;Zareen et al, 2001;Meyer et al, 2004). The culture filtrate of T. cyanescens 2-4 inhibited J2 motility and egg hatching and reduced nematode reproduction on citrus seedlings.…”

“…This fungus has been isolated from citrus nematode females in natural infestations (Gené et al, 2005). Culture filtrates of an A. strictum isolate from H. glycines displayed a strong inhibitory effect on egg hatch in both H. glycines and M. incognita (Meyer et al, 2004). The culture filtrate of E. album ranked fourth in inhibitory activity and immobilized up to 69% of the J2.…”

Evaluation of Some Botanicals and Trichoderma harzianum for the Management of Tomato Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chit Wood)

“…These botanicals may be act as substrate for the growth and multiplication of T. harzianum. Some Trichoderma isolates were reported to do both enhanced plant growth and reduced root-knot nematode damage [65]. It has been reported that Trichoderma has not only been proved to parasitize nematodes and inactive pathogen enzymes but also help in tolerance to stress condition by enhanced root development.…”