Activity of Extracts ofKigelia pinnataAgainst Melanoma and Renal Carcinoma Cell Lines

Abstract

Serial dilutions of standardised water, ethanol, and dichloromethane extracts of the stembark and fruits of Kigelia pinnata were tested for their growth inhibitory effects against four melanoma cell lines and a renal cell carcinoma line (Caki-2) using two different (MTT and SRB) assays. Lapachol, a possible constituent of these extracts, together with known therapeutic antineoplastic agents, was also tested in the same way. The IC50 of each extract was measured after extracts were diluted to 100 micrograms/ml in 1% ethanol or water. Significant inhibitory activity was shown by the dichloromethane extract of the stembark and lapachol (continuous exposure). Moreover, activity was dose-dependent, the extract being less active after 1 h exposure. Chemosensitivity of the melanoma cell lines to the stembark was greater than that seen for the renal adenocarcinoma line. In marked contrast, sensitivity to lapachol was similar amongst the five cell lines. Lapachol was not detected in the stembark extract.

Isolation and Characterization of Limonoids from Kigelia africana

“…The crude methanolic extract was further divided into n-hexane-, and ethyl acetate/water-soluble fractions. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction was subjected to column chromatography over silica gel using n-hexane/EtOAc, EtOAc, EtOAc/MeOH, and MeOH as eluents resulting in six fractions E 1 -E 6 . Fraction E 2 on gradient elution using 40 % EtOAc in n-hexane to obtain deacetylkhayanolide E (3) and 45 % EtOAc in n-hexane to purify 1-Odeacetyl-2α-methoxykhayanolide (1).…”

“…The root bark is used for the treatment of venereal disesases, haemorrhoids and rheumatism [2]. The naphthoquinones [3] in the roots and stem bark of K. africana possess anti-trypanosomal [4] and anti-microbial activities [5] and are cytotoxic against melanoma and renal carcinoma cells [6]. The aqueous extract of its leaves and fruits was found to have anti-diarrhoeal, antileprotic, anti-malarial, and anti-implantation activities [7].…”

A Review on Kigelia Africana

“…[4-34-35] In a study to determine the effect of Kigelia africana seed oil on cell proliferation by Kigelia africana seed oil suggest a potential anti-proliferative effect of the oil on the two cell lines. [36] Methanolic extract of the root of Kigelia Africana contains the constituent lapachol [34] which is reported to be effective in the treatment of solar keratosis, skin cancer and Kaposi sarcoma, an HIV-related skin ailment. [35] Serial dilutions of standardized aqueous, ethanol and dichloromethane extracts of the stem bark and fruits of Kigelia africana were tested for their growth inhibitory effects against four melanoma cell lines and a renal cell carcinoma line (Caki-2) using two different assays (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT and Sulforhodamine B, SRB assays).…”

Antineoplastic activity of a methanolic extract from Kigelia pinnata DC stem bark

“…The extensive phytochemical examinations of the plant has resulted in the isolation of different secondary metabolites such as iridoids [17][18][19] and naphtoquinoids [20][21][22][23][24], considered to convey much of its pharmacological activities [13], although flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, coumarins, phenylethanoids, phenylpropanoids and sterols have been isolated, as well [14,24,25].…”

“…Much of the studies on the biological activity of Kigelia pinnata have been concentrated on its antimicrobial effects [17,24] and its cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines [20][21][22]. This research interest is related to the traditional uses of bark and fruit extracts throughout Africa as remedies for treating sexually transmitted diseases, dysentery, leprosy, miscellaneous microbial and parasitic infections, skin ulcers, and neoplastic diseases [13,14,16,26].…”