Activity of antimicrobial peptides and conventional antibiotics against superantigen positive Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis

Abstract

Introduction Staphylococcus aureus causes a diverse array of diseases, ranging from relatively harmless localized skin infections to life-threatening systemic conditions. It secretes toxins directly associated with particular disease symptoms.AimTo determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) colonization among patients with atopic dermatitis and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility to conventional antibiotics and selected antimicrobial peptides among toxin-producing strains and nonproducing strains.Material and methodsOne hundred patients with atopic dermatitis and 50 healthy people were microbiologically assessed for the carriage of S. aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the broth microdilution method for conventional antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides (CAMEL, Citropin 1.1, LL-37, Temporin A). Detection of genes lukS/lukF-PV, tst, sea-sed, eta and etb by multiplex PCR was performed.Results Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from the majority of patients, from either the skin (75%) or the anterior nares (73%). Among the conventional antibiotics tested, the highest rates of resistance were observed for ampicillin, daptomycin, lincomycin and erythromycin. Antimicrobial peptides did not show significant diversity in activity. Among MSSA strains greater differentiation of secreted toxins was observed (sec, eta, pvl, tsst, etb, seb), while in the group of MRSA strains secretion of 3 toxins (pvl, eta, seb) was noted.ConclusionsAntimicrobial resistance continues to evolve. It is important to monitor S. aureus infections. The profile of toxins produced by S. aureus strains is an important consideration in the selection of an antimicrobial agent to treat infections.

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in atopic dermatitis patients in Mansoura, Egypt

“…tsst gene was the most common detected superantigen (Schlievert et al 2008;Kim et al 2009). However, other superantigens were found in other reports (Lo et al 2010;Błażewicz et al 2018). Preceding reports also found no relation between superantigen and severity AD disease (Kozman et al 2010;Rojo et al 2013).…”

“…Similarly, the rate of fusidic acid resistance is 50% in dermatological patients (Shah and Mohanraj 2003). On other hand, previous publications have reported a lower rate of resistance to fusidic acid (Hwang et al 2017;Błażewicz et al 2018). The use of fusidic acid for a short period is recommended in the treatment of skin infections in order to preclude further resistance development (Błażewicz et al 2018).…”

Lysozyme increases bactericidal activity of ceragenin CSA-13 against Bacillus subtilis

“…In general, the mode of action of the drugs determines the interaction that occurs between them [26]. One possible approach for use of antimicrobial combinations for medical benefit is the analysis of the role of natural peptides present on the skin, mucosal surfaces, and in body fluids [27], in combination with exogenous antimicrobials [28]. In our study, we examined a combination of ceragenin CSA-13 and lysozyme against B. subtilis ATCC 6051, a model organism for other species of bacilli.…”

“…It is worth underlining that the mucosal concentration of LL-37 increases in the course of infection [27]. Interestingly, in patients with atopic dermatitis decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides is observed [28]. As far as the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment is concerned, the interactions between various exogenous as well as endogenous antibacterial compounds at the site of infection seem to play a key role in overall antimicrobial activity, especially in local infections.…”

Methods Used for the Eradication of Staphylococcal Biofilms

“…Moreover, recent reports highlight an increase in multi-resistant organisms (especially MRSA) in both community-and hospital-acquired SSTIs [10][11][12][13][14]. Skin infections can also be associated with other dermatological disorders, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) [15,16]. Nevertheless, if only the basic treatment becomes ineffective, these skin diseases can progress to bacteremia, bloodstream infections, endocarditis, or even sepsis [17].…”