Activity coefficient measurements in aqueous. Silver selenide lithium chloride and sodium chloridepotassium chloride electrolytes using sodium amalgam electrodes

The Semi-Ideal Solution Theory for Mixed Ionic Solutions at Solid−Liquid−Vapor Equilibrium

“…The 18 electrolyte solutions shown in Table 2 conform to eq 12 well, and thus, the activity coefficients of each solute in these systems are calculated from eq 22 and eq 32 with k MiXi ) k M i X i I and then compared with the experimental results. 23,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] An inspection of the second and third columns of Table 2 reveals that eq 22 is in good agreement with the experimental results for all the systems being examined. Note that the present comparisons are limited to the cases where the Zdanovskii's rule works.…”

“…For the unsaturated solution M 1 X 1 −M 2 X 2 −H 2 O obeying eq 12, eq 31 reduces to However, according to eq 21, the value of for the unsaturated solution M 1 X 1 −M 2 X 2 −H 2 O obeying eq 12 is related to the values of its subsystems M i X i −H 2 O ( i = 1 and 2) by eq 22, that is, k M i X i is not an arbitrary constant, and for eq 32 to hold, it is necessary that k M i X i = v M i X i under isopiestic equilibrium. The 18 electrolyte solutions shown in Table conform to eq 12 well, and thus, the activity coefficients of each solute in these systems are calculated from eq 22 and eq 32 with k M i X i = and then compared with the experimental results. ,− An inspection of the second and third columns of Table reveals that eq 22 is in good agreement with the experimental results for all the systems being examined. Note that the present comparisons are limited to the cases where the Zdanovskii's rule works.…”

Standard potentials of the calcium amalgam electrode at various temperatures, with related thermodynamic functions

“…Htickel's (13) A\z+z-\lhi Log 7. =-----log (1 + O.OOli-mW) + bl (5) 1 + aBrw as used, where A and B are Debye-Hückel constants, I is the ionic strength of solutions, m is the molality of electrolyte, a is the distance of closest approach of ions [the selected value for CaCl2 is a = 4.575 A (11)], b is a constant characteristic of each electrolyte to be studied, z-and z-are the valencies of cation and anion, respectively, v is the total number of ions originated by the ionization of one molecule of electrolyte, and W is the molecular weight of the solvent.…”