Activities of mining and metallurgical industry enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan: environmental problems and possible solutions

Abstract

The paper discusses the issues related to modern environmental problems that have arisen in connection with the activities of the mining and metallurgical industry enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors emphasize that due to the industrial progress of the mining and metallurgical industry, which is one of the main sectors of the republic’s economy, the level of environmental pollution is increasing. The contributing authors prove by examples that, on the one hand, the growth of the economic potential of the mining and metallurgical industry and the transition to market mechanisms for the development of the economy have generated a large increase in the potential of the republic as a major exporter and leader among the world’s raw material powers. On the other hand, the increase in industrial production led to a real threat of an environmental crisis in the republic. We conclude that it is possible to solve the environmental problems by improving measures to protect atmospheric air and increasing the efficiency of water resources use and protection. In addition, according to the authors, reduction in the chemical load on the soil, strengthening of the work on protection, reproduction and rational use of the plant and animal world, the introduction of treatment facilities and plants, especially in places of mining, will create a favorable environment for a significant improvement in environmental situation in theregion.

Environmental problems of the oil and gas industry in Kazakhstan

“…Currently, humanity is in a period of over-intensive use of environmental resources, i.e., the consumption of resources exceeds their growth, which inevitably leads to the depletion of resources. The current ecological state of the territory of Kazakhstan can be defined as critical [12,13]. Intense pollution of the natural environment continues posing a real threat to the very biological foundations of the health and life of the country's population.…”

Ecology of the Western region in Kazakhstan: state and main directions of improvement

“…The current ecological state of the territory of Kazakhstan can be defined as critical [13,14]. Currently, in the Western region of Kazakhstan, under the influence of industrial activities, hundreds of chemical pollutants are simultaneously present in the atmospheric air, which are in complex interaction, which enhances or neutralizes their influence.…”

Modern environmental problems of the Kyzylorda region: challenges and possible solutions

“…11-5 / 07-591 dated 05.06.2017. ), it is planned to implement 6 projects in the region with a volume of flood water accumulation of 3 billion m 3 . Among them are the Kumisketken reservoir with a water storage volume of 600 million m 3 and a reservoir on the Karaozek channel with a water storage volume of 1.5 billion m 3 .…”

“…), it is planned to implement 6 projects in the region with a volume of flood water accumulation of 3 billion m 3 . Among them are the Kumisketken reservoir with a water storage volume of 600 million m 3 and a reservoir on the Karaozek channel with a water storage volume of 1.5 billion m 3 . The main function of the Kumisketken reservoir is to regulate water in the region by accumulating water during the highwater period on the Syrdarya river for irrigation of crops during the growing season.…”

“…This was facilitated by various factors, primarily, by political and social processes that took place in the Kazakh open spaces in the pre-Soviet and Soviet periods [1]. Modern Kazakhstan, which has developed industrial sectors, is faced with environmental problems both regionally and by sector [2,3]. This paper will focus on the environmental situation in one of the largest regions of Kazakhstan, the Kyzylorda region.…”