Activities of cell wall degrading enzymes in autolyzing cultures of threeFusarium culmorumisolates: growth-promoting, deleterious and pathogenic to rye (Secale cereale)

Abstract

Release of cell wall degrading enzymes, CWDE, (glucanases, chitinases, xylanases, endocellulases, exocellulases, pectinases and polygalacturonases) was compared for three Fusarium culmorum isolates, two nonpathogenic rhizosphere isolates (a plant growth promoting [PGPF] and a deleterious [DRMO]) and one root pathogen, grown on media supplemented with one of these C sources: glucose, chitin, plant (rye root) and fungal (Fusarium) cell wall. The degree of autolysis determined after 42 d in the medium containing glucose was 15% for PGPF and DRMO and 20% for pathogenic isolate. The organic compounds added to the growth medium differentially affected the activity of the individual enzymes released by the particular isolates. The activities of xylanases and endocellulases released to the plant cell wall-amended medium by the PGPF isolate were significantly lower than the activities of these enzymes released by the DRMO and the pathogenic isolates. The activity of pectinases was repressed by glucose. The activities of acidic hydrolases were greater than those of alkaline hydrolases. Principal component analysis revealed that the activities of the CWDE found in the supernatants of the autolyzing F. culmorum cultures could be clustered into two distinct groups. One group included pectinase, exocellulase and polygalacturonase and all the remaining tested hydrolases in the other, suggesting that enzymes from either group might act in synergy during cell wall degradation. The differences in the activities of the individual CWDE released to the culture by the particular isolates are considered to be one of the key factors responsible for the observed types of plant-fungal interactions.

FcStuA from Fusarium culmorum Controls Wheat Foot and Root Rot in a Toxin Dispensable Manner

“…To further investigate the possible cause(s) for the inability of ΔFcStuA mutants to colonise wheat seeds and colonise wheat stem base tissue efficiently in both parental backgrounds, polygalacturonase enzyme production was investigated. In several other pathosystems, this enzyme activity is considered to play a crucial role in penetration of plant cells and therefore to influence early pathogenic behaviour [61], [62], [63], [64], [65]. By calculating polygalacturonase production per unit dry mass of mycelium, we could correlate total polygalacturonase activity to the amount produced per gram of mycelium.…”

Hydrolysis of fungal and plant cell walls by enzymatic complexes from cultures of Fusarium isolates with different aggressiveness to rye (Secale cereale)

“…The hydrolytic efficiency of the enzymes originating from the DEMFc37 and DEMFc5 preparations at both pH values tested was similar; however, at pH 8.8, the activity of the DEMFc5 enzymes was significantly higher. These findings strongly suggest that the earlier reported (Jaroszuk-Ś ciseł et al 2008(Jaroszuk-Ś ciseł et al , 2011 differences in plant tissue colonization and induction of disease symptoms between the pathogenic strain DEMFc37 and the rhizosphere isolates of Fusarium culmorum may be related to differences in the efficiency of plant cell degradation by the enzymes released by these strains to the PCW growth medium.…”

“…The activities of lytic enzymes hydrolyzing cell wall polysaccharides (CWDEs) of fungi as well as plants increase substantially in aging culture filtrate of filamentous fungi (Alfonso et al 1995b;Douaiher et al 2007;Jaroszuk-Ś ciseł et al 2011).…”

Comparative Studies on the Induction of Trichoderma harzianum Mutanase by α-(1→3)-Glucan-Rich Fruiting Bodies and Mycelia of Laetiporus sulphureus

“…During this process, lytic enzymes (among others α-(1→3)-glucanase) with activities hydrolyzing the polymers contained in the fungal cell wall are released [25,26]. The fluctuations of mycelium dry weight were also reported by Jaroszuk-Œciseł et al [27] for Fusarium culmorum cultivated in a glucose medium. After 42-day incubation, the percentage decrease in the dry weight of mycelium in relation to its maximum dry weight amounted to ca.…”