Comparative Studies on the Induction of Trichoderma harzianum Mutanase by α-(1→3)-Glucan-Rich Fruiting Bodies and Mycelia of Laetiporus sulphureus

Abstract

Mutanase (α-(1→3)-glucanase) is a little-known inductive enzyme that is potentially useful in dentistry. Here, it was shown that the cell wall preparation (CWP) obtained from the fruiting body or vegetative mycelium of polypore fungus Laetiporus sulphureus is rich in α-(1→3)-glucan and can be successfully used for mutanase induction in Trichoderma harzianum. The content of this biopolymer in the CWP depended on the age of fruiting bodies and increased along with their maturation. In the case of CWP prepared from vegetative mycelia, the amount of α-(1→3)-glucan depended on the mycelium age and also on the kind of medium used for its cultivation. All CWPs prepared from the individually harvested fruiting body specimens induced high mutanase activity (0.53–0.82 U/mL) in T. harzianum after 3 days of cultivation. As for the CWPs obtained from the hyphal mycelia of L. sulpureus, the maximal enzyme productivity (0.34 U/mL after 3 days of incubation) was recorded for CWP prepared from the 3 week-old mycelium cultivated in Sabouraud medium. Statistically, a high positive correlation was found between the total percentage content of α-(1→3)-glucan in the CWP and the mutanase activity.

Nutraceutical and Food Preserving Importance of Laetiporus sulphureus

“…In addition, some pigments and nucleic acids have also been described to be biologically active (Grienke et al, 2014). L. sulphureus fruit bodies are a rich source of α-(1,3)-D-glucans and their cell wall contains up to 88% (dw) of this glucan, whereas other mushrooms contain only 9-46% (Wiater et al, 2012). Antioxidant effects were reported for water-soluble and alkali-soluble polysaccharides extracted from L. sulphureus (Olennikov et al, 2009a;2009b;Klaus et al, 2013).…”

Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murr. as Food as Medicine

“…However, the species is also distinguishable by its extremely large bracket like fruit bodies with wet biomass over 40 kg, fleshy margin and tubular hymenopores. 2,3,9 Figure 1A and 1B represent photograph of the fruiting bodies naturally grown under Bambusa vulgaris in a coastal area of West Bengal, India. Apart from appearance the flavour, texture and odour of L. sulphureus are also remarkably distinguishable.…”

“…1 Later on, several biologically active components and extracts have been prepared from fruiting bodies or mycelia exhibiting a number of medicinal properties such as immunomodulation, antitumor, hem agglutination, anticoagulation, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, anti-ulcer, insulin tropic, anti-HIV and cytostatic activities. 9,13 In a recent work, the mushroom has been cultivated on a larger scale in laboratory both as fruiting bodies and hyphal mycelium which may open way to commercial production. 2 Thus, the mushroom is regarded as a promising candidate for biotechnology studies reflected by huge number of publication from different countries of world ( Figure 2).…”

Fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers. – a new source of water-insoluble (1→3)-α-d-glucan

“…Water-insoluble (1→3)-α-d-glucan isolated from fungal fruiting bodies usually shows little or no antitumor effect, but their modified products (obtained on the way of, e.g.,: carboxymethylation, hydroxyethylation, sulfation, or aminopropylation) exhibited a strong antitumor activity [5]. Moreover, fungal (1→3)-α-d-glucan has been used as an alternative to the mutan derived from streptococci, which is commonly used for an efficient induction of mutanase, an enzyme able to degrade specific polysaccharides found in dental plaque and hence to prevent dental caries [6]. Due to its insolubility in water, (1→3)-α-d-glucan from Penicillium chrysogenum mycelia was a substrate for the preparation of epoxyactivated microsphere as carrier for efficient immobilization of lipase derived from Candida sp.…”