Actividad anti-Toxoplasma de extractos metanólicos de frutos y hojas de Sambucus nigra (Caprifoliaceae)

Abstract

Abstract:Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular parasite that infects a wide range of warm-blooded animals and humans. Considering the severity of toxoplasmosis, side effects of current treatments, and the contribution of the ethnopharmacological knowledge for the treatment of parasitic infections, the aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of methanolic extracts from the fruits and leaves of Sambucus nigra against tachyzoite of T. gondii. For this, fruits and leaves of S. nigra were collected from Mazandaran province, Iran, were dried under the shade, and powdered using a commercial electrical blender. For extractions, methanol was used as solvent. virulent RH strain of T. gondii was maintained in mice and macrophages containing tachyzoites were aspirated from the peritoneal cavity. Four concentrations (5, 10, 25 and 50mg/mL) of S. nigra extract were incubated with infected macrophages for 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes and the viability of the tachyzoites were evaluated by trypan blue staining. Results showed that S. nigra fruit extracts at the concentrations of 5 and 10mg/ mL killed 100% of T. gondii tachyzoites after 60 and 120 minutes, respectively; and concentrations of 25 and 50mg/mL killed 100% of the tachyzoites after 30 minutes. Additionally, extract of S. nigra leaves, at the concentrations of 5, 10 and 25mg/mL after 180 minutes, and concentration of 50mg/mL after 60 minutes, resulted with the highest efficacy. Our results showed that S. nigra has acceptable efficacy in vitro and the parasiticidal effect of fruit extract was significantly better than leaf extract. However, in vivo efficacy of this extract needs further investigation. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (1): 7-12. Epub 2015 March 01.

Anti-Toxoplasma activity of Sorghum bicolor-derived lipophilic fractions

“…This could be attributed to the presence of the 3-deoxyanthocyanidin compounds that have been previously reported from the sorghum leaf to have remarkable antiparasitic activity [22]. In comparison, the IC 50 values against T. gondii for the various oil-like fractions reported in this paper were lower than some of those reported by several authors in different medicinal plant extracts [27–29].…”

Anti-Toxoplasma Activities of Zea Mays and Eryngium Caucasicum Extracts, In Vitro and In Vivo

“…Previously we have shown that the fruits and leaves of Sambucus nigra at the concentrations of 5, 10 and 25 mg / mL after 180 min, and concentration of 50 mg / mL after 60 min, resulted with the highest efficacy [26]. Also, Leesombun et al reported that 25 μg / mL-1 of the Piper betle extract eradicated T. gondii in vitro [32].…”

“…Then the solvent was removed at 40 °C with a rotary evaporator. The remaining semi solid material was freeze-dried at −50 °C for 24 h. The final crude extracts (14.5 g) was placed into a sterile glass container and kept at 4 °C for further use [26]. …”

Anti-Toxoplasma Effects of Methanol Extracts of Feijoa sellowiana, Quercus castaneifolia, and Allium paradoxum

“…1 filter paper, after which the solvent was removed at 40°C by using a rotary evaporator. The remaining semisolid material was freeze-dried at −50°C for 24 h. The obtained filtrate (14.5 g) was placed into a sterile glass container and was stored at 4°C for future use [22]. In order to prepare stock solution (the most concentrated solution), we dissolved 0.02 grams of the extract powders in a minimum amount of RPMI with 10% FBS.…”