Active Terahertz Metamaterial for Biomedical Applications

Choudhury, Balamati; Menon, Arya; Jha, Rakesh Mohan

doi:10.1007/978-981-287-793-2_1

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Terahertz (THz) radiation is of growing interest in scientific applications [ 1 , 2 ]. Its frequencies lie within the electromagnetic spectrum between the microwave and infrared regions, from 0.1 to 10 THz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its frequencies lie within the electromagnetic spectrum between the microwave and infrared regions, from 0.1 to 10 THz. This makes its radiation both non-ionizing [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] and sensitive to many of the key rotational and vibrational modes that characterize biological samples [ 1 , 5 ]. The signatures of these bio-molecular absorption characteristics are typically gleaned via THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) [ 6 , 7 , 8 ] in support of DNA analyses [ 8 , 9 ], cancerous cell detection [ 8 , 10 ], diabetes diagnostics [ 11 ], and other applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and Integration of Terahertz Technology within Microfluidic Platforms

et al. 2018

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In this work, the prospects of integrating terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) within polymer-based microfluidic platforms are investigated. The work considers platforms based upon the polar polymers polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and the nonpolar polymers fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polystyrene (PS), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The THz absorption coefficients for these polymers are measured. Two microfluidic platforms are then designed, fabricated, and tested, with one being based upon PET, as a representative high-loss polar polymer, and one being based upon UHMWPE, as a representative low-loss nonpolar polymer. It is shown that the UHMWPE microfluidic platform yields reliable measurements of THz absorption coefficients up to a frequency of 1.75 THz, in contrast to the PET microfluidic platform, which functions only up to 1.38 THz. The distinction seen here is attributed to the differing levels of THz absorption and the manifestation of differing f for the systems. Such findings can play an important role in the future integration of THz technology and polymer-based microfluidic systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Integration of Terahertz Technology within Microfluidic Platforms

et al. 2018

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“…We target the sensor application in the frequency range of mm-wave and THz. THz detectors are widely growing in different applications in spectroscopy 16 , astronomy 17 , biomedicine 18 , imaging 19 , surveillance security 20 , high-data-rate communication 21 , etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter- and Terahertz-wave stochastic sensors based on reversible insulator-to-metal transition in vanadium dioxide

Qaderi¹,

Rosca²,

Burla³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Sensitivity to low-energy photons in phase change materials enables the development of efﬁcient millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and terahertz (THz) detectors. Here, we present the concept of uncooled mm-wave detection based on the sensitivity of IMT threshold voltage to the incident wave by exploiting the characteristics of reversible insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) in Vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin ﬁlm devices. The detection concept is demonstrated through actuation of biased VO2 2-terminal switches encapsulated in a pair of coupled antennas on a Si/SiO2 substrate. We also study the behavior of VO2 switches interrupting coplanar waveguide (CPW)s. Ultimately, we propose an electromagnetic wave-sensitive voltage-controlled spike generator based on the VO2 switches in an astable circuit. The fabricated sensors show record ﬁgs. of merit, such as responsivities of around 66.3 kHz/mW with a low noise equivalent power (NEP) of 20 nW at room temperature, for a footprint of 2.5×10−5 mm2, which can be easily scaled. This solution gives 3 times better responsivity with only 1/10 footprint of the state of the art. However, the footprint is capable of being scaled down to few hundreds of nanometers. The responsivity in static measurements is 76 kV/W in the same circumstances. Based on experimental statistical data measured on robust fabricated devices, we investigate and report stochastic behavior and noise limits of VO2-based spiking sensors that are expected to form a new class of energy efﬁcient transducers. The results highlight the capability of VO2 phase transition to serve for building electromagnetic power sensors, that can be triggered by low energy photons.

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“…Terahertz science has shown great potential in different applications such as security, medical imaging, and communications [1][2][3][4][5][6]. One of the main reasons for such interest in this field is the exclusive interaction of terahertz waves with some specific molecules [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Performance Analysis of Terahertz Spectroscopy Using an Ultra-Sensitive Resonance-Based Sensor

et al. 2020

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A terahertz sensor structure is proposed that can sense any variations in analyte permittivity. The sensor essentially works according to the shifts in the resonance frequencies of its propagated spoof surface plasmonic modes. The proposed structure shows great support for surface plasmon oscillations, which is proved by the calculated dispersion diagram. To achieve this in terahertz frequencies, a metamaterial structure is presented in the form of a structure with two-dimensional periodic elements. Afterward, it is shown that the performance of the sensor can be affected by different parameters such as metal stripe thickness, length of metal stripe, and width of metal stripe as the most influential parameters. Each of the parameters mentioned can directly influence on the electric field confinement in the metal structure as well as the strength of propagation modes. Therefore, two propagation modes are compared, and the stronger mode is chosen for sensing purposes. The primary results proved that the quality factors of the resonances are substantially dependent on certain physical parameters. To illustrate this, a numerical parametric sweep on the thickness of the metal stripe is performed, and the output shows that only for some specific dimensions the electromagnetic local field binds strongly with the metal part. In a similar way, a sweeping analysis is run to reveal the outcome of the variation in analyte permittivity. In this section, the sensor demonstrates an average sensitivity value, ∼1,550 GHz/Permittivity unit, for a permittivity range between 1 and 2.2, which includes the permittivity of many biological tissues in the terahertz spectrum. Following this, an analysis is presented, in the form of two contour plots, for two electrical parameters, maximum electric field and maximum surface current, based on 24 different paired values of metal thickness and metal width as the two most critical physical parameters. Using the plotted contour diagrams, which are estimated using the bi-harmonic fitting function, the best physical dimension for the maximum capability of the proposed sensor is achieved. As mentioned previously, the proposed sensor can be applied for biological sensing due to the simplicity of its fabrication and its performance.

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Active Terahertz Metamaterial for Biomedical Applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Characterization and Integration of Terahertz Technology within Microfluidic Platforms

Characterization and Integration of Terahertz Technology within Microfluidic Platforms

Millimeter- and Terahertz-wave stochastic sensors based on reversible insulator-to-metal transition in vanadium dioxide

Numerical Performance Analysis of Terahertz Spectroscopy Using an Ultra-Sensitive Resonance-Based Sensor

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