Active hyperspectral imaging using a quantum cascade laser (QCL) array and digital-pixel focal plane array (DFPA) camera

Goyal, Anish K.; Myers, Travis; Wang, Christine A.; Kelly, Michael; Tyrrell, Brian; Gökden, Burç; Sánchez, A.; Turner, G. W.; Capasso, Federico

doi:10.1364/oe.22.014392

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The same advantage is delivered by Vernier Effect based distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR)-QCL 228,229 and DFB-QCL arrays. 47 The latter have already been successfully employed for hyperspectral imaging 230 and are well suited for portable use. 231 Quantum heterostructures can also be applied for detection purposes in the form of quantum cascade detectors (QCD).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in biomedical spectroscopy

2017

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Quantum cascade lasers (QCL) are the first room temperature semiconductor laser source for the mid-IR spectral region, triggering substantial development for the advancement of mid-IR spectroscopy. Mid-IR spectroscopy in general provides rapid, label-free and objective analysis, particularly important in the field of biomedical analysis. Due to their unique properties, QCLs offer new possibilities for development of analytical methods to enable quantification of clinically relevant concentration levels and to support medical diagnostics. Compared to FTIR spectroscopy, novel and elaborated measurement techniques can be implemented that allow miniaturized and portable instrumentation. This review illustrates the characteristics of QCLs with a particular focus on their benefits for biomedical analysis. Recent applications of QCL-based spectroscopy for analysis of a variety of clinically relevant samples including breath, urine, blood, interstitial fluid, and biopsy samples are summarized. Further potential for technical advancements is discussed in combination with future prospects for employment of QCL-based devices in routine and point-of-care diagnostics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in biomedical spectroscopy

2017

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“…Instruments can be operated in a "point and shoot" mode using a single pixel detector or in an imaging configuration using a detector array. This second mode has been successfully applied to the detection of solid and liquid contaminants on surfaces 6,7,8 .…”

Section: Current Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High sensitivity stand-off detection and quantification of chemical mixtures using an active coherent laser spectrometer (ACLaS)

Macleod

Weidmann

2016

SPIE Proceedings

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High sensitivity detection, identification and quantification of chemicals in a stand-off configuration is a highly sought after capability across the security and defense sector. Specific applications include assessing the presence of explosive related materials, poisonous or toxic chemical agents, and narcotics.Real world field deployment of an operational stand-off system is challenging due to stringent requirements: high detection sensitivity, stand-off ranges from centimeters to hundreds of meters, eye-safe invisible light, near real-time response and a wide chemical versatility encompassing both vapor and condensed phase chemicals. Additionally, field deployment requires a compact, rugged, power efficient, and cost-effective design.To address these demanding requirements, we have developed the concept of Active Coherent Laser Spectrometer (ACLaS), which can be also described as a middle infrared hyperspectral coherent lidar. Combined with robust spectral unmixing algorithms, inherited from retrievals of information from high-resolution spectral data generated by satellitebased spectrometers, ACLaS has been demonstrated to fulfil the above-mentioned needs.ACLaS prototypes have been so far developed using quantum cascade lasers (QCL) and interband cascade lasers (ICL) to exploit the fast frequency tuning capability of these solid state sources. Using distributed feedback (DFB) QCL, demonstration and performance analysis were carried out on narrow-band absorbing chemicals (N 2 O, H 2 O, H 2 O 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 2 and C 2 H 6 ) at stand-off distances up to 50 m using realistic non cooperative targets such as wood, painted metal, and bricks. Using more widely tunable external cavity QCL, ACLaS has also been demonstrated on broadband absorbing chemicals (dichloroethane, HFC134a, ethylene glycol dinitrate and 4-nitroacetanilide solid) and on complex samples mixing narrow-band and broadband absorbers together in a realistic atmospheric background.

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“…Recently, a first hyperspectral imaging demonstration by a QCL array system has been reported based on an array of DBR/TO devices equivalent to those reviewed in Section 8 . The array comprised 14 lasers operating at different wavelengths between 9.2 and 9.8 μm, where the emission was collimated by a cylindrical microlens.…”

Section: Spectroscopy Demonstrations By Qcl Array Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐wavelength quantum cascade laser arrays

Rauter

Capasso

2015

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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The progress on multi-wavelength quantum cascade laser arrays in the mid-infrared is reviewed, which are a powerful, robust and versatile source for next-generation spectroscopy and stand-off detection systems. Various approaches for the array elements are discussed, from conventional distributedfeedback lasers over master-oscillator power-amplifier devices to tapered oscillators, and the performances of the different array types are compared. The challenges associated with reliably achieving single-mode operation at deterministic wavelengths for each laser element in combination with a uniform distribution of high output power across the array are discussed. An overview of the range of applications benefiting from the quantum cascade laser approach is given. The distinct and crucial advantages of arrays over external cavity quantum cascade lasers as tunable single-mode sources in the mid-infrared are discussed. Spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging demonstrations by quantum cascade laser arrays are reviewed.

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Active hyperspectral imaging using a quantum cascade laser (QCL) array and digital-pixel focal plane array (DFPA) camera

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in biomedical spectroscopy

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in biomedical spectroscopy

High sensitivity stand-off detection and quantification of chemical mixtures using an active coherent laser spectrometer (ACLaS)

Multi‐wavelength quantum cascade laser arrays

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