Active cell balancing circuit based on the forward converter with an RCD circuit

Lee, Youngchul; Yun, Jae-Jung; Bae, Sungwoo

doi:10.1109/icpe.2015.7168184

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The forward converter can be controlled with one switch; thus, the number of components is decreased. They are mainly used for low voltage and high current applications [36][37][38].…”

Section: The Conventional Forward Balancing Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The forward balancing technique has a fast balancing time and is easy to control. It has one magnetic core with one primary winding, and based on the desired application, it can have multiple secondaries [36][37][38]. When the switch is on, the energy is transferred to the secondaries, unlike the flyback balancing, which is designed to store energy for a fraction of time in the switching period, and after being switched off, the energy will be transferred to the secondaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forward Converter Current Fed Equalizer for Lithium Based Batteries in Ultralight Electrical Vehicles

Moghaddam

Bossche

2019

Electronics

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In this paper, the concept of a forward balancing technique fed by a buck converter for lithium-based batteries in Electrical Vehicle (EV) applications is investigated. The proposed active topology equalizes eight cells in a series in a battery pack, by using a forward converter for each battery pack and the whole battery packs, using a buck converter. The battery bank consists of four battery packs, which are in series. Therefore, the proposed system will equalize 32 cells in series. In this paper, the proposed circuit employs a single transistor used in a Zero Voltage Switch (ZVS) for the forward converter. In practice, this means a capacitor in parallel with the switch at the same time a demagnetizing of the transformer is obtained. The circuit realizes a low Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and reduces ringing. To overcome the problem of many pins on a coil former, the transformer secondary windings are made by using hairpin winding, on a ring core. It permits, e.g., having eight secondaries and uniform output voltages. Each secondary winding is made by two hairpin turns using two zero-Ohm resistors in series. The proposed topology has less components and circuitry, and it can equalize multiple battery packs by using a single buck converter and several forward converters for each battery pack. Experimental and simulation results are performed to verify the viability of the proposed topology.

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“…The forward converter can be controlled with one switch; thus, the number of components is decreased. They are mainly used for low voltage and high current applications [36][37][38].…”

Section: The Conventional Forward Balancing Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward Converter Current Fed Equalizer for Lithium Based Batteries in Ultralight Electrical Vehicles

Moghaddam

Bossche

2019

Electronics

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“…Because the energy is dissipated in the snubber resistor during the core reset in the single‐switch forward converter, efficiency is reduced as a consequence. An active cell balancing circuit based on the forward converter is analyzed in Lee et al, 17 where an RCD reset circuit is used to prevent the transformer saturation. Even though the resulting efficiency is low because the magnetizing energy is dissipated in a resistor, this reset method is widely employed in the forward converter owing to inherent simplicity 18 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐depth analysis of an RCD snubber applied to a DC‐DC boost converter

Vaz

Tofoli

2020

Circuit Theory & Apps

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Resistor-capacitor-diode (RCD) snubbers are traditionally used in practice aiming to maintain the stresses on semiconductors within safe operating limits. However, a serious drawback is the power lost in the resistor, which may affect the converter efficiency significantly. In this context, this work proposes a detailed procedure for the accurate design of an RCD snubber based on two additional key parameters that are not considered in typical guidelines provided in didactic books, that is, the forward recovery time of the main diode and the inductor current ripple. The impact of the maximum additional voltage spike on the switch is first assessed considering that it influences both the power dissipated in the snubber resistor and the current stresses on all semiconductors. A systematic optimization of the design is presented later on, considering that proper tradeoffs can be made among the type of main diode used in the converter, the maximum voltage spike on the switch, and the inductor current ripple as demonstrated mathematically. A dc-dc boost converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) is thoroughly analyzed so that is possible to derive a consistent methodology comprising all power stage elements. This study intends to shed new light on an old research topic, as well to investigate the snubber impact on the converter operation and overall performance. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated experimentally employing a laboratory prototype rated at 200 W. The results clearly show that is possible to optimize the design as desired, with good overall performance over a wide load range considering all aforementioned aspects.

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Design and Implementation of an Interleaved Forward Converter with Magnetizing Energy Recycled

Liang

Tseng

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)

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Active cell balancing circuit based on the forward converter with an RCD circuit

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Forward Converter Current Fed Equalizer for Lithium Based Batteries in Ultralight Electrical Vehicles

Forward Converter Current Fed Equalizer for Lithium Based Batteries in Ultralight Electrical Vehicles

In‐depth analysis of an RCD snubber applied to a DC‐DC boost converter

Design and Implementation of an Interleaved Forward Converter with Magnetizing Energy Recycled

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