“…In response, an impressive body of literature has accumulated on the various approaches and interventions that have been shown to improve student learning, confidence, self-esteem, academic performance, and persistence through STEM. These include active teaching and student feedback through focus groups, surveys and interviews, increased course structure, replacement of traditional introductory labs with research projects, course-based research experiences, development and implementation of effective assessment techniques, student advising/mentoring, formation of learning communities, increased availability of financial support, and peer tutoring ( Allen and Tanner, 2005 ; Jacobs-Sera et al ., 2009 ; Austin, 2011 ; Goldey et al ., 2012 ; Singer et al ., 2012 ; Depass and Chubin, 2014 ; Freeman et al ., 2014 ; Williams et al ., 2011 ).…”