Activation of the serotonergic system in chick spinal cord during hatching

Summers, Tangi R.; Summers, Cliff H.; Desan, Paul H.; Smock, Timothy K.

doi:10.1002/jez.1402570306

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Many synaptic connections and receptor expressions require additional time for development (Okado et al 1992). Further physiological adjustments and maturations also occur following the birth or hatching in rat, chick, and mouse brains (Rajaofetra et al 1989;Summers et al 1991;Okado et al 1992;Ekstro¨m 1994;Ballion et al 2002). In fact, alterations in serotonin metabolism and increases in varicose fibers are detected in E. coqui after hatching (Ten Eyck et al 2005).…”

Section: Vertebrate Serotonergic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of central serotonergic neurons in the directly developing frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui

et al. 2005

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Embryonic development of the central serotonergic neurons in the directly developing frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, was determined by using immunocytochemistry. The majority of anuran amphibians (frogs) possess a larval stage (tadpole) that undergoes metamorphosis, a dramatic post-embryonic event, whereby the tadpole transforms into the adult phenotype. Directly developing frogs have evolved a derived life-history mode where the tadpole stage has been deleted and embryos develop directly into the adult bauplan. Embryonic development in E. coqui is classified into 15 stages (TS 1-15; 1 = oviposition/15 = hatching). Serotonergic immunoreactivity was initially detected at TS 6 in the raphe nuclei in the developing rhombencephalon. At TS 7, immunopositive perikarya were observed in the paraventricular organ in the hypothalamus and reticular nuclei in the hindbrain. Development of the serotonergic system was steady and gradual during mid-embryogenesis. However, starting at TS 13 there was a substantial increase in the number of serotonergic neurons in the paraventricular, raphe, and reticular nuclei, a large increase in the number of varicose fibers, and a differentiation of the reticular nuclei in the hindbrain. Consequentially, E. coqui displayed a well-developed central serotonergic system prior to hatching (TS 15). In comparison, the serotonergic system in metamorphic frogs typically starts to develop earlier but the surge of development that transpires in this system occurs post-embryonically, during metamorphosis, and not in the latter stages of embryogenesis, as it does in E. coqui. Overall, the serotonergic development in E. coqui is similar to the other vertebrates.

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Section: Vertebrate Serotonergic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of central serotonergic neurons in the directly developing frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui

et al. 2005

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“…5HT neurons in the chicken are present in the raphe nuclei of the brain on E4 and migrate to lumbar spinal cord by E8, with a few days delay before further migration (Okado, Sako, Homma, & Ishikawa, 1992). We hypothesized that 5HT pathways that become activated during hatching (Summers, Summers, Desan, & Smock, 1991) may also be important in spontaneous motility, and become functional sometime after the middle of incubation, i.e., E12 -E14. A further reason for interest in 5HT is its putative trophic role during development (Lauder, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%