Activation of social norms in social dilemmas: A review of the evidence and reflections on the implications for environmental behaviour

Biel, Anders; Thøgersen, John

doi:10.1016/j.joep.2006.03.003

Cited by 354 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Social norms may elicit different choices because (at least some) players make rule-based decisions (Bardsley, 2010;Bettenhausen & Murnighan, 1991;Bicchieri, 2006;Bicchieri & Xiao, 2009;Bicchieri & Zhang, 2012;Biel & Thøgersen, 2007;Borgstede, Dahlstrand, & Biel, 1999;Elster, 1989;Kallgren, Reno, & Cialdini, 2000;Young, 2003). In rule-based decision-making, a player first categorises the game as an exemplar of a class of social situations (e.g., this game resembles situations of class A) and then associates behavioural rules with that class of social situations (in situations of class A, do X).…”

Section: Social Norms Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Another frame, another game? Explaining framing effects in economic games

Gerlach¹,

Jaeger²

2016

Preprint

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Small changes in the framing of games (i.e., the way in which the game situation is described to participants) can have large effects on players' choices. For example, referring to a prisoner's dilemma game as the "Community Game" as opposed to the "Wall Street Game" can double the cooperation rate (Liberman, Samuels, & Ross, 2004). Framing effects are an empirically well-studied phenomenon. However, a coherent theoretical explanation of the observed effects is still lacking. We distinguish between two types of framings - valence framing and context framing - and provide an overview of three general classes of theories that may account for the observed changes in behaviour.

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Section: Social Norms Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Another frame, another game? Explaining framing effects in economic games

Gerlach¹,

Jaeger²

2016

Preprint

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“…Their results highlight that information about the determinants of voluntary contributions can assist in the design of strategies and policies aimed at increasing contributions to the financing of public goods. Biel and Thøgersen (2007) review motivations for submitting to environmental compliance, like social norms supporting cooperation behavior.…”

Section: Pro-environmental Behavior Consumption and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Policy Theory Given Bounded Rationality and Other-regarding Preferences

Gsottbauer

Bergh

2010

Environ Resource Econ

112

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Established environmental policy theory is based on the assumption of homo economicus. This means that people are seen as fully rational and acting in a self-regarding manner. In line with this, economics emphasizes efficient policy solutions and the associated advantages of price incentives. Behavioral economics offers alternative, more realistic views on individual behavior. In this paper we investigate opportunities to integrate bounded rationality and other-regarding preferences into environmental policy theory to arrive at recommendations for more effective policies. For this purpose, we will address decisions made under risk and uncertainty, intertemporal choice, decision heuristics, other-regarding preferences, heterogeneity, evolutionary selection of behaviors, and the role of happiness. Three aspects of environmental policy are considered in detail, namely sustainable consumption, environmental valuation and policy design. We pay special attention to the role of non-pecuniary, informative instruments and illustrate the implications for climate policy.

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“…One of the most coherent and empirically supported models of sustainable, or moral motivations, is the extended norm activation model (Stern, Dietz, & Kalof, 1993;Turaga, Howarth, & Borsuk, 2010). Norms evolve in social life, when individual actions cause negative side-effects to others (Biel & Thøgersen, 2007;Coleman, 1990). Norms therefore are social in origin, and restrict individual egoist impulses in favour of collective outcomes.…”

Section: Determinants Of Sustainable Motivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A subset of personal norms are benevolence norms (Biel & Thøgersen, 2007;Kerr, 1995). Benevolence norms are private prescriptive norms that are closely related to self-transcendent values.…”

Section: Determinants Of Sustainable Motivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable consumption and marketing

Dam¹

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Activation of social norms in social dilemmas: A review of the evidence and reflections on the implications for environmental behaviour

Cited by 354 publications

References 85 publications

Another frame, another game? Explaining framing effects in economic games

Another frame, another game? Explaining framing effects in economic games

Environmental Policy Theory Given Bounded Rationality and Other-regarding Preferences

Sustainable consumption and marketing

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