Activation of Magnesium Lignosulfonate and Kraft Lignin: Influence on the Properties of Phenolic Resin-Based Composites for Potential Applications in Abrasive Materials

Kłapiszewski, Łukasz; Jamrozik, Artur; Strzemięcka, Beata; Matykiewicz, Danuta; Voelkel, Adam; Jesionowski, Teofil

doi:10.3390/ijms18061224

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This is related to the basicity of lignin and the electron donor behavior of oxygen of its ether and carbonyl bonds (Mukhopadhyay and Schreiber 1995;Shen et al 1999;Riedl and Matuana 2006). About 35-70% of the linkages in the lignin biopolymer macromolecule are ether bonds (Klapiszewski et al 2017). The higher dominant basicity of the TMW samples in this study could be related to the ether bonds in lignin and/or extractives (Tshabalala 1997), as a result of a relative increase of lignin and extractives at the surface caused by the thermal modification (Källbom et al 2016).…”

Section: Surface Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 65%

Sorption and Surface Energy Properties of Thermally Modified Spruce Wood Components

Källbom

Altgen

Militz

et al. 2018

W&FS

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The objective of this work is to study the water vapor sorption and surface energy properties of thermally modified wood (TMW) components, ie wood processing residuals in the form of sawdust. The thermal modification was performed on spruce wood components using a steam-pressurized laboratoryscale reactor at two different temperature (T ) and relative humidity (RH) conditions, T ¼ 150°C and RH ¼ 100% (TMW150), and T ¼ 180°C and RH ¼ 46% (TMW180). A dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) technique was used to determine water vapor sorption isotherms of the samples for three adsorption-desorption cycles at varying RH between 0% and 95%. Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to study the surface energy properties of the samples, including dispersive and polar characteristics. The DVS results showed that the EMC was reduced by 30-50% for the TMW samples compared with control samples of unmodified wood (UW) components. A lower reduction was, however, observed for the second and third adsorption cycles compared with that of the first cycle. Ratios between EMC of TMW and that of UW samples were lower for the TMW180 compared with the TMW150 samples, and an overall decrease in such EMC ratios was observed at higher RH for both TMW samples. The IGC results showed that the dispersive contribution * Corresponding author † SWST member to the surface energy was higher at lower surface coverages, ie representing the higher energy sites, for the TMW compared with the UW samples. In addition, an analysis of the acid-base properties indicated a higher K B than K A number, ie a higher basic than acidic contribution to the surface energy, for all the samples. A higher K B number was also observed for the TMW compared with the UW samples, suggested to relate to the presence of ether bonds from increased lignin and/or extractives content at the surface. The K B was lower for TMW180 compared with TMW150, as a result of higher modification temperature of the first, leading to cleavage of these ether bonds.

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Section: Surface Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 65%

Sorption and Surface Energy Properties of Thermally Modified Spruce Wood Components

Källbom

Altgen

Militz

et al. 2018

W&FS

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“…Particularly, lignin contains both sp 2 and sp 3 carbon atoms at a ratio of approximately 33:12, which is very favorable for the composition of glassy carbon [ 10 , 48 ]. Lignin is, in fact, the precursor of phenol formaldehyde and furfuryl alcohol-phenol [ 46 , 49 ], the traditional raw materials of glassy carbon.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene Microcrystal Prepared from Lignin Refined from Sugarcane Bagasse

Tang

et al. 2018

Nanomaterials

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Graphene microcrystal (GMC) is a type of glassy carbon fabricated from lignin, in which the microcrystals of graphene are chemically bonded by sp3 carbon atoms, forming a glass-like microcrystal structure. The lignin is refined from sugarcane bagasse using an ethanol-based organosolv technique which is used for the fabrication of GMC by two technical schemes: The pyrolysis reaction of lignin in a tubular furnace at atmospheric pressure; and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lignin at lower temperature, followed by pyrolysis at higher temperature. The existence of graphene nanofragments in GMC is proven by Raman spectra and XRD patterns; the ratio of sp2 carbon atoms to sp3 carbon atoms is demonstrated by XPS spectra; and the microcrystal structure is observed in the high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images. Temperature and pressure have an important impact on the quality of GMC samples. With the elevation of temperature, the fraction of carbon increases, while the fraction of oxygen decreases, and the ratio of sp2 to sp3 carbon atoms increases. In contrast to the pyrolysis techniques, the HTC technique needs lower temperatures because of the high vapor pressure of water. In general, with the help of biorefinery, the biomass material, lignin, is found to be qualified and sustainable material for the manufacture of GMC. Lignin acts as a renewable substitute for the traditional raw materials of glassy carbon, copolymer resins of phenol formaldehyde, and furfuryl alcohol-phenol.

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“…Its properties can be improved in two ways. One is the activation of raw lignin via its oxidation, which enables the formation of new, more active functional groups capable of reacting with the resin binder [52]. Another way to improve the thermal stability of lignin preparations is to combine them with appropriate inorganic oxides, so as to form an organic-inorganic hybrid material [53].…”

Section: Abrasive Technology -Characteristics and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additives for Abrasive Materials

Jamrozik¹,

Kłapiszewski²,

Strzemięcka³

et al. 2018

Abrasive Technology - Characteristics and Applications

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The overarching objective of the chapter is to acquaint the readers with the topic associated with the production of abrasive tools and presentation of the most significant research results regarding the determination of the most important functional properties of selected additives (described in the literature and established on the basis of authors' own scientific experiences). The studies regarding various additives, which were characterized in detail in the literature, were mainly based on thorough physicochemical and microstructural analysis as well as the determination of basic strength and thermosmechanic parameters. The attempt to implement alternative cross-linking agents, which would result in the limited release of volatile organic compounds, is also of great importance in terms of production of environmentally friendly final products. A subsequent aim is to attract the attention of a wide range of readers and popularize the topic associated with conventional abrasive materials and next-generation abrasive compositions.

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Activation of Magnesium Lignosulfonate and Kraft Lignin: Influence on the Properties of Phenolic Resin-Based Composites for Potential Applications in Abrasive Materials

Cited by 50 publications

References 63 publications

Sorption and Surface Energy Properties of Thermally Modified Spruce Wood Components

Sorption and Surface Energy Properties of Thermally Modified Spruce Wood Components

Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene Microcrystal Prepared from Lignin Refined from Sugarcane Bagasse

Additives for Abrasive Materials

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