Additives for Abrasive Materials

Jamrozik, Artur; Kłapiszewski, Łukasz; Strzemięcka, Beata; AdamVoelkel,; Jesionowski, Teofil

doi:10.5772/intechopen.74822

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Despite the fact that phenol-formaldehyde resins are among the most reliable organic resin systems on the market, it should be pointed out that they have some drawbacks. The gradual release of phenol, formaldehyde and other VOCs at almost every stage of manufacturing of abrasive tools, from mixing of raw materials to hardening in furnaces, is a well-known fact [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. This phenomenon also concerns many other materials containing phenolics, e.g., printed circuit boards and wood-based panels [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Low-Cost Cresol-Based Benzoxazine Resins as Potential Binders in Abrasive Composites

et al. 2020

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A series of cresol-based benzoxazines were synthesized for potential application as a polymer matrix in abrasive composites. The chemical structures of the obtained benzoxazine resins were investigated in detail using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and hydrogen-1 as well as carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR) with an additional analysis using two-dimensional NMR techniques (2D NMR 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C gHSQC and gHMBC). Structural analysis confirmed the presence of vibrations of -O-C-N- at ~950 cm−1 wavenumber, characteristic for an oxazine ring. The thermal properties of benzoxazine monomers were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The polymerization enthalpy varied from 143.2 J/g to 287.8 J/g. Thermal stability of cresol-based benzoxazines was determined using thermogravimetry (TGA) analysis with additional analysis of the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from the synthesized benzoxazines during their crosslinking by static headspace coupled with gas chromatography technique (HS-GC). The amount of residual mass significantly differed between all synthesized polybenzoxazines in the range from 8.4% to 21.2%. The total VOC emission for benzoxazines decreased by 46–77% in reference to a conventional phenolic binder. The efficiency of abrasive composites with the benzoxazine matrix was evaluated based on abrasion tests. Performed analyses confirmed successful synthesis and proper chemical structure of cresol-based benzoxazines. All the experiments indicated that benzoxazines based on different cresol isomers significantly differ from each other. Good thermal performance and stability of the abrasive composites with the polybenzoxazine matrix and significantly lower VOC emission allow us to state that benzoxazines can be a promising and valuable alternative to the phenolics and a new path for the development of modern, eco-friendly abrasives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Low-Cost Cresol-Based Benzoxazine Resins as Potential Binders in Abrasive Composites

et al. 2020

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“…It is important to emphasize that in the area of tribology factors such as polishing, surface uniformity and/or film can intervene in the test results (42,43), but for this particular work, the considerable change in the coefficient of friction for each anodized samples was sufficient to demonstrate the quality of the nanostructured TiO2 as a lubricant. As background to this effect, there are measurements of the coefficient of friction of TiO2 films deposited on glass and titanium substrates (44,45) in which it was possible to distinguish a change almost as effective as that of nanostructured TiO2 in this investigation.…”

Section: Microtribology Testmentioning

confidence: 95%

Study of the Variation of the Voltage and Time of the Process in the Anodizing of TiO₂ with HCl

Montiel

Hernández-Torres

Pérez³

et al. 2021

ECS Trans.

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Electrochemical anodizing is one of the processes that due to its practicality, versatility, and excellent results has been used for decades for the oxidation of any metallic surface and the formation of nanostructures. In the present work was anodized commercially pure titanium using a solution based on hydrochloric acid, ethylene glycol, and deionized water. Varying the voltage from 21 to 24 volts was observed the formation of tube-shaped nanostructures in the anodized samples like a characteristic growth due to the use of HCl in the solution. Using Raman spectroscopy were identified the vibrational modes corresponding to the anatase phase. Using Vickers Microhardness and Nanoindentation it was demonstrated that the mechanical behavior was favored in the sample obtained with 24 Volts and growth time of 60 minutes. Finally, the TiO2 layers obtained improved the friction coefficient value of the titanium sheet, reducing its value from 0.8 to 0.4.

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“…After grinding the CSW characteristics of the abrasive wheel are modified by the geometry parameters of the cutting surface relief [14,15]. The main ones are the profile bearing length ratio t p and mean height of profile irregularities in crests l p .…”

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confidence: 99%

Model of surface roughness in turning of shafts of traction motors of electric carst

Bohdanov¹,

Protsiv²,

Дербаба³

et al. 2020

Nauk. visn. nat. hirn. univ.

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Purpose. Research on surface roughness in turning of traction motor shaft of electric vehicles, depending on the measure of the main cutting edge angle and roundedoff radius of the cutter. Analysis of the impact of vitrified aluminum oxide disk characteris tics on the surface profile after wheel dressing.Methodology. The research was based on existing empirical dependencies that describe the profile of the workpiece surface being machined during turning and grinding. In this case, probabilitytheoretical methods and methods of straightline strip chart recording before and after grinding were used.findings. The irregularity of the surface roughness that occurs after turning of the traction motor shaft of electric vehicles has a significant impact on the choice of geometric parameters of the cutting tool. Most often, roughness is considered as a determin istic set of irregularities of the same size and shape. There are dependencies built from the analysis of the kinematics of the treat ment process and the shape of the tool cutting part. It is advisable to consider the profile of the roughness of treated surface of the part as the sum of all random deviations superimposed on an ideal geometrically calculated profile. In this case, the roughness profile will have a probabilistic character, which was formed as a result of complex stochastic processes that occur during machin ing. Depending on the physical phenomena that accompany the treatment process of the material, the levels of the random com ponent should be adjusted depending on the cutting speed. originality. For the first time, a composite model of surface roughness is considered taking into account the influence of a random component on the geometric parameters of the cutting tool. Impact analysis of the vitrified aluminum oxide disk's char acteristics parameters on the surface profile after dressing the cutting wheel face was conducted.Practical value. The assignments of cutting conditions, taking into account the rational parameters of the main cutting edge angle and apex spherical radius of a cutter will ensure the necessary surface quality after machining motor shaft of electric vehicles and their collectorandbrush assembly units, which will significantly affect the overall efficiency of the electromechanical system of the vehicle. Regularities of forming and describing the relief of a cutting wheel face will make it possible to clarify the number of active gains in the wheelworkpiece contact, the thickness of the cut by individual grains and the components of the cutting force during grinding, which will lead to an increase in the quality of processing the traction motor shaft of an electric vehicle.

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Additives for Abrasive Materials

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of Low-Cost Cresol-Based Benzoxazine Resins as Potential Binders in Abrasive Composites

Synthesis and Characterization of Low-Cost Cresol-Based Benzoxazine Resins as Potential Binders in Abrasive Composites

Study of the Variation of the Voltage and Time of the Process in the Anodizing of TiO₂ with HCl

Model of surface roughness in turning of shafts of traction motors of electric carst

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Additives for Abrasive Materials

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of Low-Cost Cresol-Based Benzoxazine Resins as Potential Binders in Abrasive Composites

Synthesis and Characterization of Low-Cost Cresol-Based Benzoxazine Resins as Potential Binders in Abrasive Composites

Study of the Variation of the Voltage and Time of the Process in the Anodizing of TiO2 with HCl

Model of surface roughness in turning of shafts of traction motors of electric carst

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Study of the Variation of the Voltage and Time of the Process in the Anodizing of TiO₂ with HCl