Activation of caspase-3 protease via a Bcl-2-insensitive pathway during the process of ginsenoside Rh2-induced apoptosis

Park, Jeong Ae; Lee, Kwang Youl; Oh, Young J.; Kim, Kyu Won; Lee, Seung Ki

doi:10.1016/s0304-3835(97)00333-9

Cited by 126 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Apoptosis induced by saikosaponind, but not dexamethasone, in CEM lymphocytes may partly be mediated via c-myc, p53, and bcl-2 gene deregulation. It has been reported that ginsenoside Rh2, a ginseng saponin, induces apoptosis in human hepatoma SK-HEP-1 cells by caspase-3 activation (Park et al, 1997). There are at least 10 caspases, cysteine proteases, and these form a cascade controlling death in most situations studied thus far (Xue et al, 1996;Alnemri, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that the herbal medicine shosaiko-to and/or saikoasponins can induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, liver cells, a cholangiocarcinoma cell line, a pancreatic cancer cell line, and a melanoma cell line (Motoo & Sawabu, 1994;Yano et al, 1994;Kato et al, 1995;Qian et al, 1995;Zong et al, 1996). It has also been demonstrated that the ginsenoside Rh2, one of the ginseng saponins, also induces apoptosis of human hepatoma cells (Park et al, 1997). Apoptosis plays a critical role in both the normal development and the pathology of a wide variety of tissues and is characterized by cytoplasmic shrinkage, nuclear condensation, and DNA fragmentation (Jacobson et al, 1997;Nagata, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of saikosaponin, a triterpene saponin, on apoptosis in lymphocytes: association with c‐myc, p53, and bcl‐2 mRNA

Hsu

Cheng

Huang

2000

British J Pharmacology

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1 The mechanisms involved in the apoptotic e ect of saikosaponin-d, a triterpene saponin from Bupleurum falcatum L., were studied in human CEM lymphocytes and compared with those of dexamethasone (3610 77 M). 6 Levels of c-myc, p53, and bcl-2 mRNA were analysed by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Levels of c-myc and p53 mRNA were signi®cantly increased, while the level of bcl-2 mRNA was decreased, by saikosaponin-d (10 75 M) treatment. Dexamethasone did not signi®cantly change the expression of these genes. 7 It is suggested that the apoptotic e ect of saikosaponin-d may be partly mediated by increases in c-myc and p53 mRNA levels accompanied by a decrease in bcl-2 mRNA level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of saikosaponin, a triterpene saponin, on apoptosis in lymphocytes: association with c‐myc, p53, and bcl‐2 mRNA

Hsu

Cheng

Huang

2000

British J Pharmacology

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“…For instance, ginseng showed direct cytotoxicity in SK-HEP-1 hepatoma cells (13) or LNCaP prostate cancer cells (14) in a dose-dependent manner. However, accumulating evidence indicates that certain naturally occurring flavonoids, ginsenoside, tannins, and saponins have a biphasic effect on cytotoxicity (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evidence that among H. pylori-infected children, gastric epithelial cell apoptosis returns to baseline levels only following both eradication of the bacterium and resolution of the accompanying gastritis (31) suggested that the amelioration of H. pylori-induced apoptosis would be one way of rescuing gastric epithelial cells from H. pylori-associated injury. Park et al (13) have reported that ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2), one of the ginseng saponins, contains apoptotic activity in hepatoma cells which functions via Bcl-2-insensitive activation of caspase-3, followed by proteolytic cleavage of PARP. Interestingly, we also found that H. pylori-induced apoptotic cell death was effectively inhibited by RGE pretreatment for 24 hr, accompanied by an inhibition of caspase-3 activation followed by a reduction of proapoptotic protein cleavage induced by H. pylori infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to these antimicrobial actions of ginseng ingredients, it has been documented that ginseng has distinctive actions on cell growth in various carcinoma cells, through growth inhibition or cytotoxic effects in some cell lines, such as human mealanoma A375-S2 (12), hepatoma SK-HEP-1 (13), and prostate carcinoma LNCaP (14), but growth stimulating or protective effects in other cell lines, such as neuroblastoma SHSY5Y (15) and keratinocyte HaCaT (16), have also been reported. For chemoprevention, apoptosis inducing action would be chosen, but in damaging and destructive conditions, growth-enhancing action is required.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rescue of Helicobacter pylori–Induced Cytotoxicity by Red Ginseng

et al. 2005

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Helicobacter pylori has been known to provoke gastric inflammation, ulceration, and DNA damage, based on which WHO defined H. pylori as a class I carcinogen. Although ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, has been reported to possess antiadhesion or antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, in this study, we examined the protective effect of red ginseng extracts (RGE) against H. pylori-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage. RGE significantly attenuated both H. pyloriinduced DNA damage assessed by comet assay and apoptosis measured by DNA fragmentation. Inactivation of ERK1/2 signaling and attenuation of caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage were revealed with RGE against H. pylori infection. RGE decreased H. pylori-stimulated IL-8 gene expression, which resulted from the transcriptional regression of NF-κB. In conclusion, RGE showed significant gastroprotective effects against H. pylori-associated gastric mucosal cell damage, suggesting that red ginseng could be used as a medicinal phytonutrient against H. pylori infection.

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Regioselective Acylation of Ginsenosides by Novozyme 435 to Generate Molecular Diversity

Teng

McManus³

et al. 2004

Helvetica Chimica Acta

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Ginsenosides are major bioactive constituents of ginseng (Panax spp.; Araliaceae), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. In order to increase the molecular diversity and broaden the potential usage of ginsenosides, ginsenosides Rd (1), Rg3 (2), (20R)‐Rg3 (3), Rh2 (4), Re (5), Rh1 (8), Rg2 (9), gypenoside XVII (6), and pseudoginsenoside F11 (7) were regioselectively acylated with vinyl acetate, catalyzed by Novozyme 435 (lipase B from Candida antarctica), in organic solvents to afford different mono‐acetyl ginsenosides. Ginsenoside Rd (1) was also acylated with vinyl decanoate or vinyl cinnamate to generate 1b and 1c, respectively. Acylation of glucosylated ginsenosides (1–4, 6, 8) occurred at the primary 6‐OH function of the terminal glucose (Glc) moiety of the sugar at C(3) or C(20) of the dammarane‐type aglycone. In contrast, ginsenosides 5, 7, and 9, containing mixed sugar moieties, resulted in acylation of both the rhamnose (Rha) and the glucose (Glc) moieties. In the case of ginsenoside Re (5) and pseudoginsenoside F11 (7), acylation at the secondary 4‐OH function of the terminal Rha moiety, attached at C(3) of the aglycone, is preferred. The structures of all acylated products were determined by extensive MALDI‐TOF‐MS and NMR analyses.

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Activation of caspase-3 protease via a Bcl-2-insensitive pathway during the process of ginsenoside Rh2-induced apoptosis

Cited by 126 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of saikosaponin, a triterpene saponin, on apoptosis in lymphocytes: association with c‐myc, p53, and bcl‐2 mRNA

Effect of saikosaponin, a triterpene saponin, on apoptosis in lymphocytes: association with c‐myc, p53, and bcl‐2 mRNA

Rescue of Helicobacter pylori–Induced Cytotoxicity by Red Ginseng

Regioselective Acylation of Ginsenosides by Novozyme 435 to Generate Molecular Diversity

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