“…Exposure to Native mascots lowers Native youth's self-esteem, community worth, academic goals and positive affect (Fryberg et al, 2008;LaRocque et al, 2011), and increases dysphoria, hostility, and depression (LaRocque et al, 2011). Among non-Natives, the use of Native mascots increases implicit stereotyping of (e.g., implicit association of Natives with negative attributes such as primitiveness; Angle et al, 2017;Burkley et al, 2017;Freng & Willis-Esqueda, 2011;Kraus et al, 2019) and explicit discrimination (e.g., verbal and physical abuse; Clark et al, 2011;Jacobs, 2014;Johnston-Goodstar & Roholt, 2017;Steinfeldt et al, 2010) against Natives. This robust body of research unequivocally demonstrates that Native mascots undermine Native well-being and intergroup relations, and it affirms Native communities' and organizations' long-standing opposition (see Change The Mascot, n.d. and Giago, 2019 for further discussion of Native activism).…”