Activated carbon synthesized from biomass material using single-step KOH activation for adsorption of fluoride: Experimental and theoretical investigation

Bhomick, Parimal Chandra; Supong, Aola; Karmaker, Rituparna; Baruah, Mridushmita; Pongener, Chubaakum; Sinha, Dipak

doi:10.1007/s11814-019-0234-x

Cited by 43 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This could be explained by means of findings from Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of various such ACs in the literature, where a decreased peak intensity or an even complete disappearance of certain bands, for example, C-N, C-NH-C, hydroxylic O-H, aromatic carbonyl/carboxyl C=O, and aliphatic ether and alcohol O-H, were noted [79][80][81][82]. Such a loss of functional groups results from the formation of a fused ring structure that aids in pore formation, by-producing volatile products like CO, H2O, and CO2 [83][84][85]. Removal of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) from the precursor during the chemical activation process leads to aromaticity development [86][87][88].…”

Section: Role Of Surface Functionality Of Ac On H2 Storagementioning

confidence: 96%

Synopsis of Factors Affecting Hydrogen Storage in Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons

2021

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Hydrogen (H2) is largely regarded as a potential cost-efficient clean fuel primarily due to its beneficial properties, such as its high energy content and sustainability. With the rising demand for H2 in the past decades and its favorable characteristics as an energy carrier, the escalating USA consumption of pure H2 can be projected to reach 63 million tons by 2050. Despite the tremendous potential of H2 generation and its widespread application, transportation and storage of H2 have remained the major challenges of a sustainable H2 economy. Various efforts have been undertaken by storing H2 in activated carbons, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), etc. Recently, the literature has been stressing the need to develop biomass-based activated carbons as an effective H2 storage material, as these are inexpensive adsorbents with tunable chemical, mechanical, and morphological properties. This article reviews the current research trends and perspectives on the role of various properties of biomass-based activated carbons on its H2 uptake capacity. The critical aspects of the governing factors of H2 storage, namely, the surface morphology (specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution), surface functionality (heteroatom and functional groups), physical condition of H2 storage (temperature and pressure), and thermodynamic properties (heat of adsorption and desorption), are discussed. A comprehensive survey of the literature showed that an “ideal” biomass-based activated carbon sorbent with a micropore size typically below 10 Å, micropore volume greater than 1.5 cm3/g, and high surface area of 4000 m2/g or more may help in substantial gravimetric H2 uptake of >10 wt% at cryogenic conditions (−196 °C), as smaller pores benefit by stronger physisorption due to the high heat of adsorption.

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Section: Role Of Surface Functionality Of Ac On H2 Storagementioning

confidence: 96%

Synopsis of Factors Affecting Hydrogen Storage in Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons

2021

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“…[ 25 ] The intercalation of metallic K in the carbon lattices of the carbon matrix and subsequent reaction also will contribute to morphological changes of the carbon materials at such elevated temperatures. [ 26 ] The carbonized samples mentioned in Table 1 were denoted as T CGT X , where “ T ” is the activating temperature which is denoted as the number of hundredths, and “ X ” is the heating rate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Cotton Gin Trash to Engineered Functional Carbon Structures

Deshan

Moghaddam

Siriwardena

et al. 2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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This paper investigates the carbonization of cotton gin trash (CGT) into carbon structures shaped under the influence of different operating conditions including the impact of endogenous fatty acids impurities present in CGT. As expected, both KOH activation and high carbonization temperature increase the material surface area and porosity. Furan and arene groups are formed from 400 °C to 800 °C but the proportion of the furan groups are highest at 600 °C. This is due to the conversion of the fatty acids in CGT to furan units. XRD data reveals the presence of three aromatic layers at 400 °C, followed by structural rearrangement to the formation of five stacks aromatic layers at 800 °C consisting mainly of protonated and non‐protonated condensed arene groups. Interestingly, a reduction in the number of aromatic structures is observed if no acid pretreatment of CGT to remove inorganic impurities is conducted prior to pyrolysis to 600 °C. Two potential applications of the synthesised carbons are shown; one for the formation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (80%) from fructose, which compares favorably to other porous carbon materials produced under harsher conditions, and another derived CGT carbon material which shows a good uptake of hydrogen for storage.

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“…The direct activation of biomass can result in well-developed ACs that present surface areas up to 2500 m 2 /g, broad pore size distribution which consists of mostly micro and mesopores, and hetero-atom containing surface functional groups [7]. Numerous studies can be found focusing on the activation of biomass to produce high surface area ACs [8][9][10][11][12][13]. The dependence of the pore structure and surface area to the activation parameters is also discussed by Jin et al [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface and chemical characteristics of platinum modified activated carbon electrodes and their electrochemical performance

Yumak

Karabulut

2021

Turk J Chem

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Platinum (Pt) loaded activated carbons (ACs) were synthesized by the thermal decomposition of Platinum (II) acetylacetonate (Pt(acac)2) over chemically activated glucose-based biochar. The effect of Pt loading on surface area, pore characteristics, surface chemistry, chemical structure, and surface morphology were determined by various techniques. XPS studies proved the presence of metallic Pt 0 on the AC surface.The graphitization degree of Pt loaded ACs were increased with the loaded Pt 0 amount.The electrochemical performance of the Pt-loaded ACs (Pt@AC) was determined not only by the conventional three-electrode system but also by packaged supercapacitors in CR2032 casings. The capacitive performance of Pt@AC electrodes was investigated via 3 cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge curves (GCD), and impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that the Pt loading increased the specific capacitance from F/g to 100 F/g. The ESR drop of the packaged cell decreased with the Pt loading due to the fast flow of charge through the conductive pathways. The results showed that the surface chemistry is more dominant than the surface area for determining the capacitive performance of Pt loaded AC-based packaged supercapacitors.

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Activated carbon synthesized from biomass material using single-step KOH activation for adsorption of fluoride: Experimental and theoretical investigation

Cited by 43 publications

References 63 publications

Synopsis of Factors Affecting Hydrogen Storage in Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons

Synopsis of Factors Affecting Hydrogen Storage in Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons

Transforming Cotton Gin Trash to Engineered Functional Carbon Structures

Surface and chemical characteristics of platinum modified activated carbon electrodes and their electrochemical performance

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