Activated Carbon/MoO3: Efficient Catalyst for Green Synthesis of Chromeno[d]pyrimidinediones and Xanthenones

Abstract

Background: Nanoscale metal oxide catalysts have been extensively employed in organic reactions because they have been found to influence the chemical and physical properties of the bulk material. The chromene (benzopyran) nucleus constitutes the core structure in a major class of many biologically active compounds, and interest in their chemistry consequently continues because of their numerous biological activities. The xanthene (dibenzopyran) derivatives are classified as highly significant compounds which display a number of various bioactive properties. Pyrimidinones have also gained interest due to their remarkable biological utilization such as antiviral, antibacterial, antihypertensive, antitumor and calcium blockers effects. Objective: Our aim in the work presented herein was to prepare activated carbon/MoO3 nanocomposite and explore its role as a green and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of chromeno[d]pyrimidinediones and xanthenones under ethanol-drop grinding at room temperature. Methods: The activated carbon/MoO3 nanocomposite was prepared successfully via a simple route in which carbonization of gums as new natural precursors was used for the synthesis of activated carbon. This nanocomposite was then effectively used in a reaction of 3,4- methylenedioxyphenol, aromatic aldehydes and active methylene compounds including 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid and dimedone to synthesize a series of chromeno[d]pyrimidinediones and xanthenones in high yields. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Powder x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and also by TGA analysis. Confirmation of the structures of compounds 5(a-g) and 6(a-g) were also established with IR, 1 H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic data and also by elemental analyses. Results: A number of 6,8-dimethyl-10-phenyl-6,10-dihydro-7H-[1,3]dioxolo[4΄,5΄:6,7]chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7,9(8H)-diones and 7,7- dimethyl-10-(4-methylphenyl)-6,7,8,10-tetrahydro-9H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b]xanthen-9-ones were effectively synthesized using activated carbon/MoO3 nanocomposite (0.05 gr) as catalyst under ethanol-drop grinding at room temperature. The desired products were obtained in high yields (93-97%) within short reaction times (15-20 min). Conclusion: This paper investigates the catalytic potential of the synthesized activated carbon/MoO3 nanocomposite for the prepataion of chromeno[d]pyrimidinediones and xanthenones under ethanol-drop grinding procedure. The mildness of the reaction conditions, high yields of products, short reaction times, experimental simplicity, and avoid the use of harmful solvents or reagents makes this procedure preferable for the synthesis of these compounds.

Enhanced Catalytic, Antioxidant, and Electrochemical Properties of Green‐Synthesized Graphene‐Silver Nanocomposite Utilizing Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract

“…The impressive catalytic efficiency of Ag‐RGO nanocomposite in reducing 4NP to 4AP was appreciated through an understanding of the mechanistic steps underlying this catalytic process. The effective collisions of 4NP with Ag NPs were the chief contributions to the actual catalysis by pristine Ag NPs [22] . However, for Ag‐RGO nanocomposite catalysis, the graphene sheets enabled the adsorption of greater number of 4NP molecules on their surface.…”

“…The effective collisions of 4NP with Ag NPs were the chief contributions to the actual catalysis by pristine Ag NPs. [22] However, for Ag-RGO nanocomposite catalysis, the graphene sheets enabled the adsorption of greater number of 4NP molecules on their surface. The rich π electron nature of both these compounds facilitated favorable π-π stacking interactions.…”

“…Recently organic transformations using nanocatalysts is gaining attraction due to their advantageous. [22][23][24][25][26][27] The reduction of 4-Nitrophenol (4NP) holds a paramount significance due to its pervasive toxicity in industrial effluents, posing formidable threats to both environmental integrity and biological equilibrium. [28] This catalytic conversion to 4-aminophenol (4AP) serves as a typical benchmark for evaluating the efficacy of diverse catalysts.…”