Activated carbon made from cow dung as electrode material for electrochemical double layer capacitor

Impregnation assisted synthesis of 3D nitrogen-doped porous carbon with high capacitance

“…Interestingly, compared to C-4-800 sample, carbon C-5-800 reveals a relative lower BET surface area of 885 m 2 g À1 and pore volume of 0.886 m 2 g À1 . Excess KOH may further react with graphite crystallite structure around the pore, leading to excessive burn-off of carbon surface, which will result in breakage in porous carbon structure, and thereby both surface area and pore volume decrease substantially [48]. The inset of Fig.…”

Biomass-derived renewable carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage

“…Various biomass precursors, such as cherry stone [95], fish scale [96], waste paper [97], water bamboo [98], flour [67], yeast cells [99], fallen leaves [100], pine-cone [101], pig bone [65], willow catkins [102], celtuce leaves [103], waste tea-leaves [104], sunflower seed shell [105], ginkgo shells [106], cow dung [107], silk [108], human hair [109] and sewage sludge [110], have been chemically converted into ACs for supercapacitors. For example, a honeycomblike carbon foam has been successfully derived from natural flour via KOH activation, which exhibited a large specific surface area of 1313 m 2 g −1 and a high specific capacitance of 473 F g −1 (Figure 6(a,b)).…”

Current status of cow dung as a bioresource for sustainable development

“…This porous carbon is synthesised by many different methods such as using silica or surfactant, aerogels, organometallic compounds, chemical activation and physical activation. All these processes are costly and consume expensive precursors and time (Lee et al 2006;Fang et al 2009;Kim et al 2012;Yang et al 2012;Bhattacharjya et al 2013;Inamdar et al 2013;Bhattacharjya and Sung 2014;Yang et al 2014). Now focus is shifting towards natural biomass as a potential source for carbon precursors.…”

“…Now focus is shifting towards natural biomass as a potential source for carbon precursors. Several natural biomasses have been explored for production of activated carbon (Demiral and Demiral 2008;Hu et al 2010;Li et al 2010Li et al , 2011Wei et al 2011;Xu et al 2012;Biswal et al 2013;Falco et al 2013;Huang et al 2013;Wang et al 2013;Bhattacharjya and Sung 2014). Activated carbon has recently been synthesised from cow dung by a modified chemical activation method, in which partially carbonised cow dung was treated with potassium hydroxide in the ratio of 2:1.…”