Activated carbon from sugar cane bagasse by carbonization in the presence of inorganic acids

Girgis, Badie S.; Khalil, Laila B.; Tawfik, Tarek A.M.

doi:10.1002/jctb.280610113

Cited by 109 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Three groups of activated carbons were investigated: ICarbons prepared under the steam-pyrolysis scheme [25,26], II-Carbons obtained by chemical activation with H 3 PO 4 [27,28] under standard conditions, and III-Carbons derived by chemical activation with H 3 PO 4 under modified variable conditions. Description of the conditions of preparation are given in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Diffraction Patterns of Activated Carbons Prepared under Various Conditions

Girgis¹,

Temerk²,

Gadelrab³

et al. 2007

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A series of activated carbons (ACs) were derived from sugarcane bagasse under two activation schemes: steam-pyrolysis at 600-800°C and chemical activation with H 3 PO 4 at 500°C. Some carbons were treated at 400, 600°C, or for 1-3 h, and/or in flowing air during pyrolysis of acid-impregnated mass. XRD profiles displayed two broad diffuse bands centered around 2θ = 23 and 43°, currently associated with diffraction from the 002 and 100/101 set of planes in graphite, respectively. These correspond to the interlayer spacing, Lc, and microcrystallite lateral dimensions, La, of the turbostratic (fully disordered) graphene layers. Steam pyrolysis-activated carbons exhibit only the two mentioned broad bands with enhancement in number of layers, with temperature, and small decrease in microcrystallite diameter, La. XRD patterns of H 3 PO 4 -ACs display more developed and separated peaks in the early region with maxima at 2θ = 23, 26 and 29°, possibly ascribed to fragmented microcrystallites (or partially organized structures). Diffraction within the 2θ = 43° is still broad although depressed and diffuse, suggesting that the intragraphitic layers are less developed. Varying the conditions of chemical activation inflicts insignificant structural alterations. Circulating air during pyrolysis leads to enhancement of the basic graphitic structure with destruction and degradation in the lateral dimensions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Diffraction Patterns of Activated Carbons Prepared under Various Conditions

Girgis¹,

Temerk²,

Gadelrab³

et al. 2007

Carbon letters

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146

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“…Thus, the production of activated carbon from agricultural or agroindustrial waste materials has been the purpose of several studies, among which we can mention activated carbons prepared from nut shells (Kim 2001), rice husks (Yalcin and Sevinc 2000), peach stones (Bello 1999), cane sugar bagasse (Girgis 1994), fruit rind (Namasivayam and Kadirvelu 1997) and peanut husks (Periasamy and Namasivayam 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pb2+ adsorption from aqueous solutions on activated carbons obtained from lignocellulosic residues

Giraldo

Moreno–Piraján

2008

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Activated carbons obtained from cane sugar bagasse (ACB), African palm pit (ACP) and sawdust (ACS) were prepared through an impregnated with HNO 3 and thermal treatment in an atmosphere in N 2 /steam water at 1173 K. Adsorption isotherms of N 2 at 77 K and of CO 2 at 273 K were determined for the activated carbons for which surface area and pore volume values were from 868 to 1100 m 2 g -1 and from 0.27 to 0.55cm 3 g -1 , respectively. These results were correlated, with the ones obtained for adsorption the adsorption isotherms of Pb 2+ in aqueous solutions. Impregnation of the lignocellulosic materials with nitric acid produced acid-type activated carbons with total acid site contents between 4.13 and 6.93 mmol g -1 and pH at the point of zero charge values between 2.7 and 4.1, which were within range of the adsorption, at different pH values, since they determined, the surface charge of the activated carbons. Adsorption isotherms of Pb 2+ at different pH values (2-8) at 298 K were determined. The ion adsorption capacity on ACB, ACP and ACS were 13.7, 15.2 and 17.5 mg.g -1 , respectively. Experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich models and all cases the former fit better. The highest values for the quantity adsorbed on the monolayer, qm, were at pH 4, whereas the surface, charge of activated carbons was negative and the lead species mainly present was Pb 2+ . For higher pHs, the quantity of Pb 2+ adsorbed decreased, and this had an important effect on adsorption, the surface characteristics of the solids and the hydroxilated lead species that were formed in the system.

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“…Recently, non-conventional and low cost agricultural by-products have been employed. This includes nut shells, wood, bone, peat processed into activated carbons [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]; maize cob and husk [20][21][22][23]; cassava waste [24]; sawdust and coconut fibre [25]; and so on. Biomasses such as Aspergillus tereus [26]; Pseudomonas sp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption isotherm studies of Cd (II), Pb (II) and Zn (II) ions bioremediation from aqueous solution using unmodified and EDTA-modified maize cob

2007

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Activated carbon from sugar cane bagasse by carbonization in the presence of inorganic acids

Cited by 109 publications

References 11 publications

X-ray Diffraction Patterns of Activated Carbons Prepared under Various Conditions

X-ray Diffraction Patterns of Activated Carbons Prepared under Various Conditions

Pb2+ adsorption from aqueous solutions on activated carbons obtained from lignocellulosic residues

Adsorption isotherm studies of Cd (II), Pb (II) and Zn (II) ions bioremediation from aqueous solution using unmodified and EDTA-modified maize cob

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