Activated carbon from citric acid catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation of salacca peel as potential electrode for lithium ion capacitor’s cathode

Susanti, Ratna Frida; Arie, Arenst Andreas; Kristianto, Hans; Erico, Marcelinus; Kevin, Gerardus; Devianto, Hary

doi:10.1007/s11581-019-02904-x

Cited by 54 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In general, for X A − X B values, an increase in these two variables leads to a slight decrease in the hydrochar Y m (%). Our results are in agreement with those reported on hydrothermal carbonization of biomass [38][39][40].…”

Section: Model Y M (%)supporting

confidence: 93%

“…e hydrochar optimized under the conditions X A � 200°C, X B � 120 min, and X C � 20 mg is characterized by a BET surface area of 60.75 m 2 /g and a pore volume of 0.14 cm 3 /g. ese results are similar to the results of [59] in the case of hazelnut shell and a little high compared to those reported by [39,60] in the case of residues from the wine industry and salacca peel, respectively. is finding can be explained by the type of raw material and the conditions of synthesis, including the introduction of citric acid as a catalyst in the hydrothermal reaction.…”

Section: Porosity and Pore Size Distributionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…It is concluded that while temperature and time play the leading role in the HTC process, the mass yield decreased as the dose of citric acid increased. Our results are very similar to [45], to maize silage [39], and to salacca peel and not in the case of resin pulp [46].…”

Section: Model Y M (%)supporting

confidence: 73%

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Mesoporous Carbon from Optimized Date Stone Hydrochar by Catalytic Hydrothermal Carbonization Using Response Surface Methodology: Application to Dyes Adsorption

Ouadrhiri

Elyemni

Lahkimi

et al. 2021

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Providing efficient and environmental friendly ways to recover lignocellulosic waste remains a challenge around the world. In this study, citric acid-catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization (CHTC) was coupled with pyrolysis to convert date seed (Ds) into adsorbent material. In this regard, a central composite design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM) was developed to examine the influence of temperature, reaction time, and catalyst dose on the mass yield (Ym(%)) and carbon retention rate (CRR(%)) in the produced hydrochars. The optimized hydrochar (OHC-Ds) was obtained under optimal conditions (200°C, 120 min, 20 mg) and characterized by a Ym(%) and CRR(%) of 59.71% and 75.84%, respectively. Chemical activation by KOH of OHC-Ds followed by pyrolysis at 600°C resulted in an active material (AOHC-Ds) rich in carbon and characterized by a high specific surface area of 1251.5 m2/g, with the dominance of mesopores, as well as an amorphous structure comparable to graphite shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Adsorption experiments of two dyes on AOHC-Ds showed a high maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of 657.89 mg g−1 for methylene blue (MB) and 384.61 mg g−1 for methyl orange (MO) compared to other conventional adsorbents. This result is due to the low acidity (pHpzc) of the surface of AOHC-Ds, which equals 6.75, and its surface, which is also rich in oxygenated functional groups such as (-OH), (C=O), and (C-O) shown by FTIR analysis. These results suggest that the coupling of CHTC and KOH activation followed by pyrolysis is an encouraging way to prepare an efficient and inexpensive adsorbent to remove dyes in wastewater.

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Section: Model Y M (%)supporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Porosity and Pore Size Distributionsupporting

confidence: 88%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mesoporous Carbon from Optimized Date Stone Hydrochar by Catalytic Hydrothermal Carbonization Using Response Surface Methodology: Application to Dyes Adsorption

Ouadrhiri

Elyemni

Lahkimi

et al. 2021

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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“… 8 , 9 As such, activated carbons produced from the hydrochar have performed better than commercial activated carbons in some instances. 10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of FeCl₃ Catalytic Hydrothermal Carbonization on Chemical Activation of Corn Wet Distillers’ Fiber

et al. 2021

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Corn wet distillers’ fiber (corn fiber) is a byproduct of the corn-ethanol production process, with high potential as a precursor for activated carbon due to its moderate nitrogen content and availability. However, there has been limited investigation into activated carbons from the corn fiber. In this work, we produce activated carbons from the corn fiber using three procedures, including direct KOH activation, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) followed by KOH activation, and FeCl 3 -catalyzed HTC followed by KOH activation. Catalytic HTC with FeCl 3 was found to slightly increase the degree of carbonization relative to uncatalyzed HTC while also removing the nitrogen content at increasing concentrations and slightly increasing the porosity. The resulting activated carbon samples are then characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen analysis. The two-step process resulted in activated carbon with substantially higher surface areas than the one-step process (1220 vs 789 m 2 /g), as well as much higher thermal stability and nitrogen content (up to 1.20%). The results show that the corn fiber has potential for activated carbon production, with the two-step HTC followed by the activation process producing more favorable material properties than direct activation.

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“…Acid has been shown to act as a catalyst for dehydrating carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), an intermediate product of solid char [15]. Other studies found that the properties of hydrochars are highly affected by the acidity of the feedstocks [16][17][18]. Acids such as citric acid, which is safe, inexpensive, and commonly used in HTC, modify the density, shape, particle size, color, surface area, and chemical functional groups of hydrochars [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remarkable Physical and Thermal Properties of Hydrothermal Carbonized Nanoscale Cellulose Observed from Citric Acid Catalysis and Acetone Rinsing

2020

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Citric acid (CA) was used for the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of cellulose nanofiber and found to exert remarkable effects on the chemistry and physical aspects of the product distribution. More specifically, the morphology, yield, elemental and proximate composition, chemical functional groups, thermal properties and surface properties of the resultant hydrochars were studied extensively. The morphological properties of the final char were the singularly most surprising and unique finding of this study. The cellulose nanofiber hydrochars were contrasted to hydrochars from bleached softwood pulp, having a similar composition with the former, to pinpoint the role of nano-dimensions. Without the presence of CA, the pulp hydrochar lacked several of the spherical dimensions shown in the nanocellulose; however, and unexpectedly, the presence of CA caused a homogenization of the final product distribution for both samples. Finally, thermally stable and high surface area hydrochars were obtained when the hydrochar was rinsed with acetone.

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Activated carbon from citric acid catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation of salacca peel as potential electrode for lithium ion capacitor’s cathode

Cited by 54 publications

References 34 publications

Mesoporous Carbon from Optimized Date Stone Hydrochar by Catalytic Hydrothermal Carbonization Using Response Surface Methodology: Application to Dyes Adsorption

Mesoporous Carbon from Optimized Date Stone Hydrochar by Catalytic Hydrothermal Carbonization Using Response Surface Methodology: Application to Dyes Adsorption

Effects of FeCl₃ Catalytic Hydrothermal Carbonization on Chemical Activation of Corn Wet Distillers’ Fiber

Remarkable Physical and Thermal Properties of Hydrothermal Carbonized Nanoscale Cellulose Observed from Citric Acid Catalysis and Acetone Rinsing

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Activated carbon from citric acid catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation of salacca peel as potential electrode for lithium ion capacitor’s cathode

Cited by 54 publications

References 34 publications

Mesoporous Carbon from Optimized Date Stone Hydrochar by Catalytic Hydrothermal Carbonization Using Response Surface Methodology: Application to Dyes Adsorption

Mesoporous Carbon from Optimized Date Stone Hydrochar by Catalytic Hydrothermal Carbonization Using Response Surface Methodology: Application to Dyes Adsorption

Effects of FeCl3 Catalytic Hydrothermal Carbonization on Chemical Activation of Corn Wet Distillers’ Fiber

Remarkable Physical and Thermal Properties of Hydrothermal Carbonized Nanoscale Cellulose Observed from Citric Acid Catalysis and Acetone Rinsing

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Effects of FeCl₃ Catalytic Hydrothermal Carbonization on Chemical Activation of Corn Wet Distillers’ Fiber