Activated Carbon, Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene: Materials and Composites for Advanced Water Purification

Sweetman, Martin J.; May, Steve; Mebberson, Nick; Pendleton, Phillip; Vasilev, Krasimir; Plush, Sally E.; Hayball, John D.

doi:10.3390/c3020018

Cited by 149 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 197 publications

(170 reference statements)

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“…The adsorptive properties of graphene can be applied in many forms, e.g., sheets, nanotubes, 3D structures, and membranes [14]. These forms have been utilized in water purifications for removal of a variety of contaminants such as heavy metals, different dyes, pharmaceuticals, and organics [15]. It is also worth noting that this review focuses on the adsorptive removal of heavy metal and the use of graphene-based membranes for removal of heavy metals is beyond its scope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Applications of Hybrid Graphene Materials for Metals Removal from Wastewater

2020

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The presence of traces of heavy metals in wastewater causes adverse health effects on humans and the ecosystem. Adsorption is a low cost and eco-friendly method for the removal of low concentrations of heavy metals from wastewater streams. Over the past several years, graphene-based materials have been researched as exceptional adsorbents. In this review, the applications of graphene oxide (GO), reduce graphene oxide (rGO), and graphene-based nanocomposites (GNCs) for the removal of various metals are analyzed. Firstly, the common synthesis routes for GO, rGO, and GNCs are discussed. Secondly, the available literature on the adsorption of heavy metals including arsenic, lead, cadmium, nickel, mercury, chromium and copper using graphene-based materials are reviewed and analyzed. The adsorption isotherms, kinetics, capacity, and removal efficiency for each metal on different graphene materials, as well as the effects of the synthesis method and the adsorption process conditions on the recyclability of the graphene materials, are discussed. Finally, future perspectives and trends in the field are also highlighted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Applications of Hybrid Graphene Materials for Metals Removal from Wastewater

2020

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“…Coatings 2018, 8,40 only just meets the experimental requirement. The oxidation-reduction method can produce graphene with high yield, however the graphene always has many structure defects.…”

Section: Thermal Methods For Growing Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coatings 2018, 8,40 Various kinds of materials can be used as substrate to synthesize graphene. Traditional materials, such as copper (Cu) foils and nickel (Ni) are widely employed.…”

Section: Chemical Vapor Deposition Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the carbon family consists of each dimensional material: fullerene in zero dimensions [5]; carbon nanotube in one dimension [6]; graphene in two dimensions (2D); and graphite in three dimensions (3D). Graphene, a one-atom thick layer of sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms arranged into hexagonal crystal, has been a topic of interest in nano-science due to its excellent properties and the prospect of industrial applications [7][8][9][10]. Owning to its unique structure, the charge carrier mobility of graphene exceeds 2.0 × 10 5 cm 2 ·V −1 ·s −1 at room temperature which is 100 times higher than that of silicon [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Growth of Graphene: A Review

2018

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A common belief proposed by Peierls and Landau that two-dimensional material cannot exist freely in a three-dimensional world has been proved false when graphene was first synthesized in 2004. Graphene, which is the base structure of other carbon materials, has drawn much attention of scholars and researchers due to its extraordinary electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. Moreover, methods for its synthesis have developed greatly in recent years. This review focuses on the mechanism of the thermal growth method and the different synthesis methods, where epitaxial growth, chemical vapor deposition, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and combustion are discussed in detail based on this mechanism. Meanwhile, to improve the quality and control the number of graphene layers, the latest research progress in optimizing growth parameters and developmental technologies has been summarized. The strategies for synthesizing high-quality and large-scale graphene are proposed and an outlook on the future synthesis direction is also provided.

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“…The adsorption on the carbon nanomaterials follows according to the possible interactions: the π-π interactions, hydrogen-bonding, and Van der Waals interactions [54,55]. The π-π interactions are dominant mechanism on the graphene nanostructures.…”

Section: Adsorption Kinetics Adsorption Isotherms Effect Of Temperamentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonized metal–organic frameworks with trapped cobalt nanoparticles as biocompatible and efficient azo-dye adsorbent

et al. 2019

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Background: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived carbonaceous materials functionalized with metal/metaloxide nanoparticles are obtained by its carbonization. The carbonization of MOFs occurs simultaneously with the metal and metal-oxide particle formation. The carbon-based flake-like nanostructures with trapped metal/metaloxide nanoparticles have been formed. Due to its non-toxicity and environmental friendliness, the capacity for pollution adsorption using model anionic dye has been revealed. Results: The structure of the hybrid is formed as the effect of carbonization of metal-organic frameworks with cobalt as a metal counterpart (CoOF). The cobalt nanoparticles are placed between the carbon layers what limits the dissolution of cobalt nanoparticles and protects the environment from its toxicity. It is preliminary validated by means of two reference microorganisms (Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus) and in in vitro analysis with human cell line (A375). The efficiency of the adsorption properties of the material was tested with Acid Red 18 as a model anionic dye. The mechanism of dye adsorption was analyzed in details. In addition, various thermodynamic parameters, such as standard enthalpy, standard entropy, and standard Gibbs free energy, were tested. In addition, it was proved that the main substrate of CoOF (terephthalic acid) can be used from PET bottles, while the organic solvent used in its synthesis (N,N-dimethylformamide) was distilled and reused. The obtained carbonized CoOF revealed the same morphology and properties as pristine material. Conclusions: The kinetic data of dye adsorption fit well with the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir type. Acid Red 18 adsorption is more favourable at lower temperatures and lower pH. The location of the cobalt nanoparticles between the carbon flakes effectively limits their toxicity compared to the free metal nanoparticles. The CoOF can be obtained from recycled substrates, which revealed the same morphology as pristine material. Therefore, it is believed that this work highlights the practical application of carbonized CoOF as an adsorbate and provides the evidence that such nanocomposite can be applied without environmental risks.

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Activated Carbon, Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene: Materials and Composites for Advanced Water Purification

Cited by 149 publications

References 197 publications

Recent Advances in Applications of Hybrid Graphene Materials for Metals Removal from Wastewater

Recent Advances in Applications of Hybrid Graphene Materials for Metals Removal from Wastewater

Thermal Growth of Graphene: A Review

Carbonized metal–organic frameworks with trapped cobalt nanoparticles as biocompatible and efficient azo-dye adsorbent

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