Actitudes de género y estereotipos en enfermería

Abstract

SUMMARY Introduction:In 1993, Annette M. Links, conducted the study on gender attitudes and stereotypes in nursing. Objectives: To describe attitudes of nursing students to stereotypes of the nurse. To evaluate the evolution of perception of gender stereotypes of nursing students. Subjects and methods: Observational, descriptive and diachronic. Structured survey was conducted 440 freshmen. At the end of third year, she passed the same questionnaire to 307 students.The data were entered into a database in Xbase format and used the program SPSS 15.0. It has been used t test. For the means for schools, ANOVA test was used. Significance level > 0.05. Results: Agreement in which women are more affectionate than men. Women are seen as more caring (P = 0.011), less independent (P = 0.000), less intelligent (P = 0.011), less leadership (P = 0.000) and less possibility of promotion (P = 0.015). The men consider sex objects young nurses (P = 0.029) and bossy older (P = 0.018). Conclusions:The results suggest evidence of the persistence of images of nurses in accordance with female stereotypes: Gender makes a difference in the surveyed population.Key words: gender stereotypes, nursing students. ATITUDES DE GÊNERO E ESTEREÓTIPOS

Sexist stereotypes and biases associated with the female nursing model in advertising communication

“…8 Other authors call the latter professional stereotype of nurse-guardian angel the "mother/ nun/servant" nurse, willing to deliver the amount of care needed to attend to all basic human needs. 7 When this stereotype is reinterpreted in the receivers' imagination and background knowledge and taken completely literally in the affective and sexual spheres, in the collective imaginary, the idea still continues that the nurse also takes care of and satisfies needs in those areas.…”

“…5 It is known that the effects of the stereotypes and bias the communication media transmit about the nurses are largely responsible for the distorted image of nurses in the public opinion. 4 Therefore, different authors have unveiled the stereotypes and bias projected on the nurses in their professional practice, [6][7][8] and through communication media like the movies and the written press. [9][10][11][12][13] There are few studies about stereotypes, bias and the personal and professional characteristics projected in the social imaginary when, in such a powerful and influential communication medium as advertising, female nurses are represented wearing their traditional uniform with the skirt and white cap.…”

Descargar RECS Vol. 7, Nº 2 (Julio-Diciembre 2016)

“…Es considerada uno de los trabajos con más estereotipos arraigados; se tacha de ser una profesión únicamente femenina; y con cualidades innatas (amables, pacientes, habilidosas, expertas…) (Errasti-Ibarrondo et al, 2012 y Burguete et al, 2010).…”

“…Por ejemplo, según Errasti-Ibarrondo et al (2012), se encuestó a la sociedad sobre quién preferiría que le atendiera, y la mayoría de las respuestas resultaron ser: "ambos sexos"; aunque mucha gente considera que deben ser las mujeres las que ejerzan este tipo de cuidados (mayormente en las mujeres que fueron encuestadas). Incluso según Burguete et al, (2010) en los estudiantes universitarios, sigue percibiéndose esta actitud o pensamiento con respecto al género (tanto por hombres como por mujeres), a pesar del evidente avance en la profesionalización.…”

“…Fuera de los medios, también hay otras iniciativas como las que nos aportan Amezcua (2014) o Burguete et al (2010), de mejorar las relaciones entre pacientes (Beneficiar a los ciudadanos beneficiará al enfermero) o la de crear programas para mejorar la visualización de la enfermería, sobretodo aquellos que vayan en contra de la discriminación y de los estereotipos.…”