Action potential block in neurons by infrared light

Walsh, Alex J.; Tolstykh, Gleb P.; Martens, Stacey L.; Ibey, Bennett L.; Beier, Hope T.

doi:10.1117/1.nph.3.4.040501

Cited by 33 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It has been shown that IR light can be used for excitation [5][6][7][8][9] and inhibition of nerves. [10][11][12][13][14] The technique of IR inhibition of nerves is spatially precise 10 and can be targeted to selectively inhibit axons of smaller diameters. 12 The ability to target axons of small diameters helps motivate IR inhibition as a modality that can target finer sensory fibers carrying vital feedback information (e.g., pain, pressure, and temperature sensitivity).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage-gated potassium channels are critical for infrared inhibition of action potentials: an experimental study

et al. 2019

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Thermal block of unmyelinated axons may serve as a modality for control, suggesting a means for providing therapies for pain. Computational modeling predicted that potassium channels are necessary for mediating thermal block of propagating compound action potentials (CAPs) with infrared (IR) light. Our study tests that hypothesis. Results suggest that potassium channel blockers disrupt the ability of IR to block propagating CAPs in Aplysia californica nerves, whereas sodium channel blockers appear to have no significant effect. These observations validate the modeling results and suggest potential applications of thermal block to many other unmyelinated axons. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage-gated potassium channels are critical for infrared inhibition of action potentials: an experimental study

et al. 2019

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“…Although several studies about the feasibility of INI were published in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system in vivo and in vitro , only a few efficiency studies of INI at the neural network level were reported . Another issue for INI is that hyperthermal damage may occur during the IR laser exposure if cells are subjected to too much heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of cortical neural networks using infrared laser

Xia

Nyberg

2019

Journal of Biophotonics

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The aim of the present study is to optimize parameters for inhibiting neuronal activity safely and investigating thermal inhibition of rat cortex neural networks in vitro by continuous infrared (IR) laser. Rat cortex neurons were cultured on multi‐electrode arrays until neural networks were formed with spontaneous neural activity. Neurons were then irradiated to inhibit the activity of the networks using different powers of 1550 nm IR laser light. A finite element heating model, calibrated by the open glass pipette method, was used to calculate temperature increases at different laser irradiation intensities. A damage signal ratio (DSR) was evaluated to avoid excessive heating that may damage cells. The DSR predicted that cortex neurons should be safe at temperatures up to 49.6°C for 30 seconds, but experiments suggested that cortex neurons should not be exposed to temperatures over 46°C for 30 seconds. Neural response experiments showed that the inhibition of neural activity is temperature dependent. The normal neural activity could be inhibited safely with an inhibition degree up to 80% and induced epileptiform activity could be suppressed. These results show that continuous IR laser radiations provide a possible way to safely inhibit the neural network activity.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Likewise, ∼1.8 μm IR pulse exposure has also been demonstrated to block action potential (AP) generation and propagation. [9][10][11][12][13] While a rapid increase in temperature, due to absorption of the laser radiation, is required to evoke the neural depolarization, and IR stimulation pulses have been shown to produce an acoustic pressure wave, 14-17 the mechanism(s) to stimulate or inhibit an AP is not fully understood. 18 Certain thermal and mechanical mechanisms 17,19 involving ion channels, such as transient receptor potential (TRP) channel activation, 20 plasma membrane poration, 21 and/or membrane potential changes, are suggested as explanations for IR neural stimulation and inhibition, together termed IR neural modulation (INM).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ryanodine and IP₃ receptor-mediated calcium signaling play a pivotal role in neurological infrared laser modulation

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Pulsed infrared (IR) laser energy has been shown to modulate neurological activity through both stimulation and inhibition of action potentials. While the mechanism(s) behind this phenomenon is (are) not completely understood, certain hypotheses suggest that the rise in temperature from IR exposure could activate temperature-or pressure-sensitive ion channels or create pores in the cellular outer membrane, allowing an influx of typically plasma-membrane-impermeant ions. Studies using fluorescent intensity-based calcium ion (Ca 2þ ) sensitive dyes show changes in Ca 2þ levels after various IR stimulation parameters, which suggests that Ca 2þ may originate from the external solution. However, activation of intracellular signaling pathways has also been demonstrated, indicating a more complex mechanism of increasing intracellular Ca 2þ concentration. We quantified the Ca 2þ mobilization in terms of influx from the external solution and efflux from intracellular organelles using Fura-2 and a high-speed ratiometric imaging system that rapidly alternates the dye excitation wavelengths. Using nonexcitable Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO-hM 1 ) cells and neuroblastomaglioma (NG108) cells, we demonstrate that intracellular IP 3 receptors play an important role in the IR-induced Ca 2þ , with the Ca 2þ response augmented by ryanodine receptors in excitable cells.

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Action potential block in neurons by infrared light

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Voltage-gated potassium channels are critical for infrared inhibition of action potentials: an experimental study

Voltage-gated potassium channels are critical for infrared inhibition of action potentials: an experimental study

Inhibition of cortical neural networks using infrared laser

Ryanodine and IP₃ receptor-mediated calcium signaling play a pivotal role in neurological infrared laser modulation

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Action potential block in neurons by infrared light

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Voltage-gated potassium channels are critical for infrared inhibition of action potentials: an experimental study

Voltage-gated potassium channels are critical for infrared inhibition of action potentials: an experimental study

Inhibition of cortical neural networks using infrared laser

Ryanodine and IP3 receptor-mediated calcium signaling play a pivotal role in neurological infrared laser modulation

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Resources

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Ryanodine and IP₃ receptor-mediated calcium signaling play a pivotal role in neurological infrared laser modulation