Acteoside Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rats with Focal Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

Abstract

Acteoside (ACT) has been shown to exert antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the effect of ACT on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is not yet clear. In this study, we found that ACT administration reduced infarct volume and brain edema, and improved neurological deficits, as indicated by the decreased modified neurological severity score. Administration of ACT strikingly reduced oxidative stress, accompanied by decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and increased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Furthermore, ACT administration reduced the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP) nick-end labeling-positive cells in the cerebral cortex of ischemic side of MCAO/R rats, accompanied by downregulation of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) associated X protein and cleaved caspase-3 proteins and upregulation of Bcl-2 protein. Additionally, ACT treatment inhibited the protein kinase R/eukaryotic initiation factor-2α stress pathway in the brains of MCAO/R rats. Our results demonstrated that ACT attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in MCAO/R rats, suggesting that ACT may serve as a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of I/R brain injury.

Antioxidant Activity and Acteoside Analysis of Abeliophyllum distichum

“…It was found to decrease oxidative stress by inhibiting free radicals and lipid peroxidation [30,32]. Furthermore, acteoside attenuated oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis via inhibition of ROS levels and activation of the Nrf2 pathway [33,34]. In previous studies [35,36], compounds such as phenolic glucosides having similar structures to that of acteoside exhibited similar antioxidant activities.…”

Total Glycosides of Cistanche deserticola Promote Neurological Function Recovery by Inducing Neurovascular Regeneration via Nrf-2/Keap-1 Pathway in MCAO/R Rats

“…Echinacoside can cut down MDA content and improve the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in ischemia brain injury, and molecular docking analysis displayed that echinacoside may bind to Keap-1, leading to the Nrf-2 nuclear translocation . The study of Xia showed that acteoside could decrease the infarct volume and brain water content to improve neurological deficits in MCAO/R rats through mitigating oxidative stress (Xia et al, 2018). Other studies have demonstrated that isoacteoside could increase the activities of cellular antioxidant enzymes, SOD and CAT in H 2 O 2 -treated V79-4 cells (Chae et al, 2005).…”

“…Many studies suggest that the TCM C. deserticola has extensive biological activities, e.g. enhancing the ability to learn, memory, and immunity (Dong et al, 2007;Jiang and Tu, 2009;Wang et al, 2017;Xia et al, 2018). However, the active components of C. deserticola for neuroprotection remain unclear.…”

Oxidative Stress at the Crossroads of Aging, Stroke and Depression

“…Rhein [183], deuterohemin His peptide-6 [184], acteoside [185], Radix scrophulariae [186], pomalidomide [187], and Clostridium butyricum [188] protect the brain against cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting apoptosis and OS. Similarly, adiponectin [189], YiQiFuMai [190], epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) [191] , Withania somnifera [192], SMXZF [193], and diallyl trisulfide [194] lessen neuronal impairment by attenuating mitochondrial caspase-independent apoptosis.…”