Acrylonitrile-induced Gastric Toxicity in Rats: Role of Xanthine Oxidase

Al-Abbasi, Fahad A.

doi:10.12659/msm.882896

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 48 publications

(49 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The decline in [Mg 2+ ] e during wakefulness may thereby, in combination with membrane depolarization induced by the elevation of [K + ] e , contribute to the gene expression pattern characteristic of wakefulness. The finding that [Mg 2+ ] e increases during sleep is consistent with the observation that changes in dietary magnesium can have a profound impact on learning and memory, possibly by improving both the amount and quality of sleep (18,19).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Changes in the composition of brain interstitial ions control the sleep-wake cycle

Ding

O’Donnell

et al. 2016

Science

312

366

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wakefulness is driven by the widespread release of neuromodulators by the ascending arousal system. Yet, it is unclear how these substances orchestrate state-dependent, global changes in neuronal activity. Here we show that neuromodulators induce increases in the extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]e) in cortical slices electrically silenced by tetrodotoxin. In vivo, arousal was linked to AMPA receptor-independent elevations of [K+]e concomitant with decreases in [Ca2+]e, [Mg2+]e, [H+]e, and the extracellular volume. Opposite, natural sleep and anesthesia reduced [K+]e, while increasing [Ca2+]e, [Mg2+]e, [H+]e, as well as the extracellular volume. Local cortical activity of sleeping mice could be readily converted to the stereotypical EEG pattern of wakefulness by simply imposing a change in the extracellular ion composition. Thus, extracellular ions control the state-dependent patterns of neural activity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%