Acrylic Fibers

Abstract

Acrylic fibers are spun from copolymers in which acrylonitrile is the major component. The fibers are solution spun from solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and sodium thiocyanate–water either by wet (extrusion into a nonsolvent) or dry (extrusion into a hot inert gas) technologies. The basic technologies were developed in the 1950s and first commercialized in the United States. Expansion to Europe and Japan soon followed. In the twenty‐first century, the locus has shifted to Asia, with significant downsizing in the United States. An extensive table lists producer capacities. Acrylic fibers occupy market niches such as sweaters, half hose, upholstery, hand‐knitting yarns, and carbon fiber precursor. The technology adapts the basic polymer and fiber for each of these products is described. The physical properties of standard acrylic fiber are compared to those of other synthetic and natural fibers in a table. Stress–strain curves are shown under differing conditions. Chemical properties of the fiber such as resistance to acids and bases and flame retardancy are detailed and compared. Commercial polymer and spinning technologies are explained in detail, including processes for bicomponent and producer‐dyed fiber.

Structure development during dry–jet–wet spinning of acrylonitrile/vinyl acids and acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate copolymers

“…Low jet stretch (Ϸ0.5) conditions produce smaller void structures that are more transparent to light, lustrous, and easily collapsible. However, the effect of jet stretch is not observed on the tensile properties 19 after the acrylic fibers are stretched, dried, collapsed, and relaxed.…”

Preparation and characterization of waste papers based composites and their applications in leather industries

“…Generally, the water content values were in the range of 1.8-2.6 and showed similarity with the Dixon water content (3.1). The percentage shrinkage on heating for the composites treated with wax was in the range [11] and this is one of the main characteristics of the insole products. Following the insertion of woven fibers, the water content values were in the range of 1.7-2.6 which were close to that of the Dixon water content (3.1).…”

Spinning Effluents Treatment from Dry-Spun Acrylic Fiber Producing by Integrated Membrane Filtration

“…The production of acrylic fiber is often associated with the generation of large amounts of by-products and effluents. In the process of dry-spun acrylic fibers, Copolymers synthesized from acrylonitrile (AN), methylacrylate and styrene sulfonic sodium are spun into fibers using DMF as the solvent [3]. Diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA), Ethylene diamine tetra acid (EDTA), TiO 2 , nitric acid and other agents are involved in the process and enter wastewater along with DMF, caused the SE refractory to biodegrade [4].To solve this problem, basic research on pollutant fractionations and their characteristics should be developed.…”