An electrochemical sensor (Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs/GCE) was developed for detection of Cu[Formula: see text] in water. Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs/GCE was prepared by dispersing Cu[Formula: see text] imprinted polymers (Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs) on a preprocessed glassy carbon electrode. Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs were synthesized on the surface of modified carbon spheres by ion imprinting technology. The electrochemical performance of Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs/GCE was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry method. The response of Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs/GCE to Cu[Formula: see text] was linear in [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L. The detection limit was [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L ([Formula: see text]). The current response value of Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs/GCE was 2.14 times that of the nonimprinted electrode. These results suggest that Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs/GCE can detect the concentration of Cu[Formula: see text] in water, providing a new way for heavy metal ions adsorption and testing.
A single-chambered and double-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) with refinery oil wastewater as its fuel was constructed respectively to investigate the feasibility of electricity generation and oil pollutants degradation using microbial fuel cell. Results indicated that the refinery oil waste water could be used as fuel in MFCs to generate electricity, the oil pollutants could be degraded by MFCs and the efficiency of double-chambered MFC was better; the main composition of pollutants in the solution influx and effluent of MFCs was changed and processes which were similar to anaerobic fermentation were proceeded.
A combined process of hole flanging and flange upsetting was proposed. Both elastic-plastic FEM and experiments were employed to analyze the process. A 2mm thick 08AL sheet with 120mm outer diameter and 24.6mm center hole diameter was used as the blank. The effect of the Rf and the Rc values on the flanging quality were analyzed, where Rf was defined as the ratio of the die fillet size to the workpiece thickness t and Rcwas defined as the ratio of the clearance C to the workpiece thickness t. Also the effect of Rf and Rc on upsetting ratio Ru which was defined as the ratio of thickness before and after upsetting were studied. The finite element results were validated by experimental results. Also a 2mm thick flange without thinning and defects was gained in a reasonable range of Rc and a certain value of Rf.
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