Acrylamide Induced Oxidative Cellular Senescence in Embryonic Fibroblast Cell Line (NIH 3T3): A Protection by Carvacrol

Abstract

Background: Stress-induced cellular senescence is a perpetual state of cell cycle arrest occurring in proliferating cells in response to stressful conditions. It is believed that oxidative stress plays a unique role in this process. As a reactive chemical compound that can induce oxidative stress, acrylamide is widely applied in several fields. Carvacrol is a liquid phenolic monoterpenoid found in essential oils of some plants and is known for its antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of carvacrol on oxidative stress and cellular senescence induced by acrylamide in the NIH 3T3 cell line. Methods: NIH 3T3 embryonic fibroblast cells were exposed to different concentrations of acrylamide, carvacrol, and H2O2 in a cell culture medium. The level of β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, as a marker of cellular senescence, was measured using staining and quantitative assays. Furthermore, to measure oxidative stress parameters, the content of glutathione and lipid peroxidation were determined. Results: Acrylamide could induce premature senescence evident by the elevated lipid peroxidation and SA-β-gal activity and declined cell viability and glutathione. Moreover, carvacrol showed beneficial effects on both acrylamide- and H2O2-induced cellular senescence by significantly reversing or subsiding the effect of oxidative stress and mediating its consequences. Conclusions: It can be concluded that carvacrol has protective effects against oxidative cellular senescence induced by acrylamide in the NIH 3T3 cell line.

Assessment of Protective Effects of Carvacrol on Haloperidol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

“…Thiobarbituric acid was used in order to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as previously claimed with minor modifications [ 38 ]. After that, 0.05 M sulfuric acid was added to the cell homogenates, and after that, 0.2% TBA was added to the cell mixtures.…”

“…Glutathione content was assessed as it was previously described, with minor modifications [ 38 ]. DTNB (5, 5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) was used as the indicator for the determination of glutathione concentration.…”

“…In order to quantify DNA damage, the head and tail intensities were measured using CASPLab ® (CASP1.2.3 beta2) software, and the tail moment was calculated afterwards. iobarbituric acid was used in order to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as previously claimed with minor modifications [38]. After that, 0.05 M sulfuric acid was added to the cell homogenates, and after that, 0.2% TBA was added to the cell mixtures.…”