Acquisition of Throwing Skill Involving Projectiles of Varying Weights

Egstrom, Glen H.; Logan, Gene A.; Wallis, Earl L.

doi:10.1080/10671188.1960.10762048

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Interestingly, a similar hypothesis regarding equipment modification was expressed over 40 years ago. In a study that examined the acquisition of throwing skill, Egstrom et al [ 61 ] explained, “the adjustments made during the practice periods while learning to throw the light ball accurately resulted in automatic adaptations at a subconscious level. When the subjects then transferred to the heavy ball after a period of practice, the increased weight could have elicited a response … which in turn brought the impulse to consciousness…” (p. 424).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling the Equipment and Play Area in Children’s Sport to improve Motor Skill Acquisition: A Systematic Review

Reid²,

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThis review investigated the influence of scaling sports equipment and play area (e.g., field size) on children’s motor skill acquisition.MethodsPeer-reviewed studies published prior to February 2015 were searched using SPORTDiscus and MEDLINE. Studies were included if the research (a) was empirical, (b) involved participants younger than 18 years, (c) assessed the efficacy of scaling in relation to one or more factors affecting skill learning (psychological factors, skill performance and skill acquisition factors, biomechanical factors, cognitive processing factors), and (d) had a sport or movement skills context. Risk of bias was assessed in relation to selection bias, detection bias, attrition bias, reporting bias and other bias.ResultsTwenty-five studies involving 989 children were reviewed. Studies revealed that children preferred using scaled equipment over adult equipment (n = 3), were more engaged in the task (n = 1) and had greater self-efficacy to execute skills (n = 2). Eighteen studies demonstrated that children performed skills better when the equipment and play area were scaled. Children also acquired skills faster in such conditions (n = 2); albeit the practice interventions were relatively short. Five studies showed that scaling led to children adopting more desirable movement patterns, and one study associated scaling with implicit motor learning.ConclusionMost of the studies reviewed provide evidence in support of equipment and play area scaling. However, the conclusions are limited by the small number of studies that examined learning (n = 5), poor ecological validity and skills tests of few trials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling the Equipment and Play Area in Children’s Sport to improve Motor Skill Acquisition: A Systematic Review

Reid²,

et al. 2016

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“…Other techniques designed to enhance training, coordination, and the transfer of kinetic energy include throwing an underweighted or overweighted ball (ball that is either less than or more than the weight of an official baseball) 86,89–93. The underweighted ball is most commonly used to improve the transfer of energy and angular momentum, whereas the overweighted ball is used to enhance shoulder strength and power 83,90,91,93…”

Section: Phase 3: Advanced Strengthening Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal management of shoulder impingement syndrome

Escamilla¹,

Hooks²,

Wilk³

2014

OAJSM

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Shoulder impingement is a progressive orthopedic condition that occurs as a result of altered biomechanics and/or structural abnormalities. An effective nonoperative treatment for impingement syndrome is aimed at addressing the underlying causative factor or factors that are identified after a complete and thorough evaluation. The clinician devises an effective rehabilitation program to regain full glenohumeral range of motion, reestablish dynamic rotator cuff stability, and implement a progression of resistive exercises to fully restore strength and local muscular endurance in the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers. The clinician can introduce stresses and forces via sport-specific drills and functional activities to allow a return to activity.

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“…90 Conversely, the overweighted ball is generally used to enhance shoulder strength and power. 88,89,91 Also, during this third rehabilitation phase an intervalthrowing program may be initiated. Before initiating such a program, we occasionally suggest that the athlete perform "shadow" or mirror throwing, which is the action of mimicking throwing mechanics into a mirror, but not actively throwing.…”

Section: Phase 3-advanced Strengthening Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other techniques that may be beneficial to enhance endurance include throwing an underweighted or overweighted ball (ie, a ball that is either less than or more than the weight of an official baseball). 75,[87][88][89][90][91][92] These techniques are designed to enhance training, coordination, and the transfer of kinetic energy. Most commonly, the underweighted ball is used to improve the transfer of energy and angular momentum.…”

Section: Phase 3-advanced Strengthening Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Nonoperative and Postoperative Rehabilitation for Injuries of the Throwing Shoulder

Wilk

Macrina

2014

Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review

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The repetitive overhead motion involved in throwing is responsible for unique and sport-specific patterns of injury to the shoulder joint. Specific strengthening and flexibility plays a vital role in the ultimate function and injury prevention in the overhead-throwing athlete. The clinician must achieve a delicate balance between mobility and stability, which often presents as a significant challenge. Most shoulder injuries in the overhead thrower can be successfully treated nonoperatively to allow the athlete to return to competition. A well-structured, in-season strengthening program that is designed to maintain the athlete's strength, power, and endurance while not inhibiting with the athlete's ability to compete on a regular basis is critical.

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Acquisition of Throwing Skill Involving Projectiles of Varying Weights

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Scaling the Equipment and Play Area in Children’s Sport to improve Motor Skill Acquisition: A Systematic Review

Scaling the Equipment and Play Area in Children’s Sport to improve Motor Skill Acquisition: A Systematic Review

Optimal management of shoulder impingement syndrome

Nonoperative and Postoperative Rehabilitation for Injuries of the Throwing Shoulder

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