Acquired Ultrastructural Alterations of Respiratory Cilia and Clinical Disease

Ballenger, John J.

doi:10.1177/000348948809700308

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Our patient findings are quite different from the reported ultrastructural findings of cilia in patient groups with both acute and chronic respiratory diseases with a wide variety of acquired causes. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Patients with severe chronic sinusitis have shown abnormal ciliary ultrastructure that consisted mainly of compound cilia, additional inner or outer MTs, and dynein arm defects in a small percentage of cilia. 21 Patients with long-lasting common colds or upper respiratory tract infections have alterations that consist mostly of additions and deletions of MTs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Ciliary Abnormalities in Three 9/11 Response Workers

McMahon

Aslam²,

Schell³

2011

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

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After the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York in 2001, thousands of response workers were exposed to complex mixtures of toxins, pollutants, and carcinogens. Many developed illnesses involving the respiratory tract. We report unusual ultrastructural ciliary abnormalities in 3 response workers that corresponded to their respiratory and ciliary functional abnormalities. Each patient had respiratory cilia biopsies that were evaluated for motility and ultrastructural changes. Impaired ciliary motility was seen in 2 of the 3 patients. Each of the patients showed monomorphic ultrastructural abnormalities. Two of the patients showed identical triangular disarray of axonemal microtubules with peripheral doublets 1,4, and 7 forming the corners of the triangle and doublet 9 always more medially displaced than doublets 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8. Two workers had cilia in which axonemes were replaced by homogeneously dense cores. One of these also had cilia with triangular axonemes as previously described. The other had cilia with a geometric triangular to pentagonal shape. The ciliary abnormalities described here may represent a new class of primary ciliary dyskinesia in which abnormalities may have a genetic basis and a phenotypic expression that is prompted at the cellular level by local environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Ciliary Abnormalities in Three 9/11 Response Workers

McMahon

Aslam²,

Schell³

2011

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

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“…The repetitive stimulation of chemical irritation causes vasodilation and increases vasopermeability, edematous change, and nasal congestion, and it induces secretion of mucous substances with glandular hyperplasia and dysfunction of ciliary movement and accumulation of nasal discharge. 16 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐Term Use of Preservatives on Rat Nasal Respiratory Mucosa: Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride and Potassium Sorbate

et al. 2000

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Objectives:Th preservatives benzalkonium chlorid (BZC) and potassium sorbate (PS) are widely u ed, not only for na al drops, but also for eyedrops and co metics. How ver, ther e have been many case reports that consider lesions such as d ermatitis or conjunctivitis to b e the r esults of irritation induced by BZC or PS. Methods: We evaluated the histological change aft er the long-term administration ofBZC or PS on rat nasa l respiratory mucosa. Forty rats were us d for the BZC group and 40 rats for PS group. Anima ls in ach group were divid d into four subgroups. Th first subgroup received a lowconcentration preservative solution that was commonly u · d for nasal sprays. The second subgroup received a high-concentration preservative solution that was reported to induce d ermatitis in humans. The third and fourth subgroups received a s teroid .mixed pr servntive solution of low and high concentrations, respectively. The control group was administrnt d normal saline. After each group r eceived 1, 2, and 4 we k s of topical administration, the symptomatic and histological changes on H&E stain were obrv d. Results: Sneezing and nasal rubbing with for I gs were observ din almo tall subgroups by the s . venth day of treatm nt. The pr servatives induced nasal I sion , including intraepithelial glandular formation, inflammatory cell infiltra tion, vascular hyp rplasia, and edematous change. The symptomatic and hi tological chang s wea· pronounced with the prolonged duration of administration. Similar r esults w r ob rv d in the ste roid mixed-solution groups. In the PS st roid mixed-olution group, howeve. r, symptom a nd nasal lesions were reduced with the prolonged duration of administration. Conclusion: ItFrom Lhe D pnrtmenL ofOLolnryngology-Hoad nnd Neck Surgery, ollege of M. dicin , Th atholic Univ rsity of Kor a, Seoul , Kor

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“…At the cellular level, a striking alteration was the decreased number of ciliated cells, as compared with what may be con sidered normal. The cilia of these cells were often ab normal, being clubshaped and having axonemal ab normalities [6][7][8],…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Basis for Impaired Protective Efficiency by the Nasal Mucosa in Infants with and without Recurrent Acute Otitis media: A Light and Electron Microscopy Study

Jørgensen

Hansson

1990

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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The structure of the nasal mucosa in biopsy specimens from the inferior turbinate in ‘normal healthy’ infants (n = 27) was compared with that in age-matched infants (n = 59) with increased frequency of recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM). Light and transmission electron microscopic examination revealed that the healthy infants, i.e., the control subjects, had almost as extensive structural changes in their nasal mucosa as those with RAOM. Only 1 infant in each group was considered to have normal nasal mucosa from a morphological point of view. The high frequencies of structural abnormalities in the nasal mucosa in infants, healthy or with RAOM, is likely to be due to frequent infections causing damage so often and to such high extent that the repair processes became insufficient and thus did not restore the structure of the nasal mucosa. Mucosal lining defects may decrease the resistance to infections, resulting in frequent relapses further adding to the mucosal damage, i.e., a self-ongoing circle.

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Acquired Ultrastructural Alterations of Respiratory Cilia and Clinical Disease

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Unusual Ciliary Abnormalities in Three 9/11 Response Workers

Unusual Ciliary Abnormalities in Three 9/11 Response Workers

Long‐Term Use of Preservatives on Rat Nasal Respiratory Mucosa: Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride and Potassium Sorbate

Morphological Basis for Impaired Protective Efficiency by the Nasal Mucosa in Infants with and without Recurrent Acute Otitis media: A Light and Electron Microscopy Study

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