Acquired toxoplasmic infection as the cause of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in families

Silveira, Cássio; Belfort, Rubens; Burnier, M.; Nussenblatt, Robert B.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(88)90382-0

Cited by 94 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…oxoplasmosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (1) , that infects up to a third of the world's population (2) . Infections may be acquired congenitally or through the ingestion or handling of undercooked or raw infected meat, contaminated vegetables or water (1)(2)(3) .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Infections may be acquired congenitally or through the ingestion or handling of undercooked or raw infected meat, contaminated vegetables or water (1)(2)(3) . The disease is asymptomatic in many immunocompetent hosts, however ocular lesions may be present in up to 20% of infected individuals (1) . In immunocompromised patients, the disease often manifests as encephalitis and also ophthalmic lesions (4)(5)(6) .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Seventy percent of infants with congenital infection show chorioretinal scars (7) . Although most of the cases in adults were thought to be a consequence of the reactivation of congenital lesions (9) , several studies indicate that ocular disease may be caused by T. gondii infection after birth (1,6,(10)(11)(12) . In fact, most cases in Brazil are a consequence of post-natal infection (6) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Use of CD25 as an immunohistochemical marker for acquired ocular toxoplasmosis

Miyamoto¹,

Neto²,

Cesare³

et al. 2010

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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Use of CD25 as an immunohistochemical marker for acquired ocular toxoplasmosis

Miyamoto¹,

Neto²,

Cesare³

et al. 2010

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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“…They have not addressed the prevalence, characteristics and diagnosis of the atypical forms of OT in clinical practice. The overall sero-prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (IgG) in India (24.3%) (Dhumne et al 2007), is similar to that in the United States (22.5%) (Jones et al 2001), though significantly lower than other parts of the world (Silveira et al 1988). However, there are no studies on the clinical presentations and treatment practices for OT, in India.…”

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An ophthalmologist survey-based study of the atypical presentations and current treatment practices of ocular toxoplasmosis in India

et al. 2011

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The last two decades have seen a paradigm shift in the understanding of ocular toxoplasmosis. Postnatally acquired infection with its atypical presentations, has emerged as a common form of the disease. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey to investigate the characteristics of atypical presentations and current treatment practices of ocular toxoplasmosis, in India. A written questionnaire was distributed to ophthalmologists at two major uveitis meetings, held in Hyderabad, India in January, 2009. It evaluated characteristics of atypical presentations of ocular toxoplasmosis and specific treatmentrelated issues in India. Of 37 respondents who completed the questionnaire, 28 (75.6%) found atypical presentations in less than one-fourth of ocular toxoplasmosis patients. Atypical presentations were mostly seen as primary retinitis lesion, and in healthy immuno-competent individuals. Most ophthalmologists (n = 28, 75.6%) thought viral retinitis to be the most common differential diagnosis for atypical ocular toxoplasmosis and relied on serological tests (n = 19, 51.3%) for the diagnosis. Twenty-three (62.1%) respondents treated all patients with active lesions. A diverse range of treatment regimens were used, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole combination being most common (n = 12, 32.4%). Corticosteroids were included in all regimens. Atypical presentations of ocular toxoplasmosis were identified by all ophthalmologists, participating in the survey, though not commonly by most. Treatment practices were diverse, reflecting the lack of consensus on this issue.

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“…Since its recognition as the causative agent of toxoplasmosis in the late 1930s, many clinical manifestations have been attributed to T. gondii infections including lymphadenopathy, ileitis, encephalitis, and/or blinding ocular infections in both children and adults (1,(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). T. gondii infections can also be lethal to a developing fetus and immunocompromised, cancer, AIDS, and organ transplant patients.…”

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Structural and Functional Characterization of SporoSAG

Crawford

Lamb

Wasmuth

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Toxoplasma gondii, the etiological agent of toxoplasmosis, utilizes stage-specific expression of antigenically distinct glycosylphosphatidylinositol-tethered surface coat proteins to promote and establish chronic infection. Of the three infective stages of T. gondii, sporozoites are encapsulated in highly infectious oocysts that have been linked to large scale outbreaks of toxoplasmosis. SporoSAG (surface antigen glycoprotein) is the dominant surface coat protein expressed on the surface of sporozoites. Using a bioinformatic approach, we show that SporoSAG clusters with the SAG2 subfamily of the SAG1-related superfamily (SRS) and is non-polymorphic among the 11 haplogroups of T. gondii strains. In contrast to the immunodominant SAG1 protein expressed on tachyzoites, SporoSAG is non-immunogenic during natural infection. We report the 1.60 Å resolution crystal structure of SporoSAG solved using cadmium single anomalous dispersion. SporoSAG crystallized as a monomer and displays unique features of the SRS ␤-sandwich fold relative to SAG1 and BSR4. Intriguingly, the structural diversity is localized to the upper sheets of the ␤-sandwich fold and may have important implications for multimerization and host cell ligand recognition. The structure of SporoSAG also reveals an unexpectedly acidic surface that contrasts with the previously determined SAG1 and BSR4 structures where a basic surface is predicted to play a role in binding negatively charged glycosaminoglycans. Our structural and functional characterization of SporoSAG provides a rationale for the evolutionary divergence of this key SRS family member.

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Acquired toxoplasmic infection as the cause of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in families

Cited by 94 publications

References 1 publication

Use of CD25 as an immunohistochemical marker for acquired ocular toxoplasmosis

Use of CD25 as an immunohistochemical marker for acquired ocular toxoplasmosis

An ophthalmologist survey-based study of the atypical presentations and current treatment practices of ocular toxoplasmosis in India

Structural and Functional Characterization of SporoSAG

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