Acoustic sounding of the lower troposphere

McAllister, L. G.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9169(68)91311-1

Cited by 86 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…(As we shall discuss in section 7, it appears that this top is even sharper than LES can resolve.) This is a turbulence simulation counterpart of the acoustic sounding that startled the boundary layer meteorology community in the late 1960s with its graphic displays of the instantaneous atmospheric boundary layer [McAllister, 1968].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts, observations, and simulation of refractive index turbulence in the lower atmosphere

Wyngaard¹,

Seaman²,

Kimmel³

et al. 2001

Radio Science

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Abstract. Advances in computers and in computational techniques now allow the calculation of electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation through simulated refractive index turbulence in the lower atmosphere. Such applications call for instantaneous turbulence fields, not turbulence statistics, the traditional focus of the turbulence community. We clarify their important differences and review what is known about key statistics of refractive index turbulence. We discuss the calculation of EM propagation with a parabolic equation model that uses composite refractive index fields, the larger scales being calculated with a dynamical mesoscale model and the smaller scales being calculated through large-eddy simulation. The locally, instantaneously sharp top of the atmospheric boundary layer can have a profound effect on forward scatter of EM waves. This top appears to be even sharper than is revealed by conventional measurements, particularly in the convective boundary layer. IntroductionThree parallel developments over the past few decades now allow a new approach to the calculation of electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation in environmental flows, one that does not require inventing your own refractive index fields. They are (1) is similar to the most advanced operational forecast 643

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts, observations, and simulation of refractive index turbulence in the lower atmosphere

Wyngaard¹,

Seaman²,

Kimmel³

et al. 2001

Radio Science

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“…2 and the pertinent parameters are listed in Table 2. The RRL sodar is similar to that of McAllister (1968), but the gain of the receiver was not adjusted for inverse distance square divergence. The outside view of the paraboloidal dish and the inside view of the equipment room are shown in Figs.…”

Section: Rrl Sodar System Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is evident that sodar has a great potential in the research on the various phenomena in the atmospheric planetary boundary layer. Up to the present, a number of studies concerning solar techniques, observations, and comprehensive review papers on this topic have been reported since solar was built by McAllister (1968). An excellent work on acoustic sounding was carried out by McAllister et al (1969) in Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodar Probing of Small-Scale Ordered Motions Appeared in the Atmospheric Planetary Boundary Layer

Fukushima¹,

Akita²,

Tanaka³

1974

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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This report describes a monostatic solar system performance conducted by the Radio Research Laboratories in Tokyo. Discussions are extended to the samples of observed records and to the results obtained from one-year continuous observations. It became clear that small-scale ordered motions play an important role in the structure of atmospheric temperature fluctuations in the planetary boundary layer.the scattering cross section * as a function of scatter angle * as follows :

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“…Radar Meteor. Conf., 1966McAllister, 1968;McAllister et aI., 1969;Little, 1969Little, , 1972Hall, 1972). The interaction between atmospheric structure and interrogating waves has received a satisfactory description (Tatarski, 1961 ;Monin, 1961 ;Smith and Rogers, 1963;Ottersten, 1964Ottersten, , 1969aOttersten, , b, c, 1972Little, 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radar and sodar probing of waves and turbulence in statically stable clear-air layers

Óttersten

Hardy

Little³

1973

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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Abstract. This paper reviews the remote sensing of waves and turbulence in statically stable atmospheric layers, utilizing sodar and microwave radar echoes from the small-scale inhomogeneities in gaseous refractive index caused by localized fluctuations in temperature, humidity, and velocity. Scattering theory and sounding methodology are reviewed briefly, and the relative performance of typical radar and sodar systems compared.The main section of the paper takes the form of a summary and discussion of experimental progress since 1969, showing how the echo patterns obtained may be applied to the interpretation of multiple layering, gravity waves, internal fronts and the details of dynamic instability and the genesis of turbulence in stably stratified shear layers. In addition, methods for the measurement of the intensity of the small-scale (~ ~./2) variability of wind, temperature and water vapor from the observed radar or sodar echo intensities, and the use of Doppler techniques for the measurement of mean velocity and turbulence are discussed.

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Acoustic sounding of the lower troposphere

Cited by 86 publications

References 1 publication

Concepts, observations, and simulation of refractive index turbulence in the lower atmosphere

Concepts, observations, and simulation of refractive index turbulence in the lower atmosphere

Sodar Probing of Small-Scale Ordered Motions Appeared in the Atmospheric Planetary Boundary Layer

Radar and sodar probing of waves and turbulence in statically stable clear-air layers

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