Acoustic phase conjugation by nonlinear piezoelectricity. I. Principle and basic experiments

Ohno, Masahiro; Yamamoto, Ken; Kokubo, Akira; Sakai, Keiji; Takagi, Kenshiro

doi:10.1121/1.427166

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We have realized ultrasonic phase conjugation using nonlinear piezoelectric interactions in LiNbO 3 [1][2][3] and PbZr x Ti 1Àx O 3 (PZT) ceramics. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] We have also shown that a phase conjugator introduced into an ultrasonic imager can correct the beam deformation and lessen the image deterioration. 2,8) In our previous studies, this method was most effective when soft samples, such as agarose gels, were imaged in the transmission configuration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…It is difficult to make a phase conjugator that has a large volume and a sufficient efficiency, because the nonlinear piezoelectric interaction, the origin of the phase conjugation, is driven by the electric field applied on a finite volume. 1,7) Applying a high electric field to a large volume requires a very high voltage, which is sometimes experimentally unattainable. One can, alternatively, place a phase conjugator very close to the sample surface.…”

Section: Purpose and Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phase conjugation is a process in which any incoming wave is automatically converted into its time-reversed wave (phase conjugate wave), and a device that generates phase conjugate waves in real time is referred to as a phase conjugator. Phase conjugation in ultrasonics has been studied by many researchers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] for the last two decades. We have realized ultrasonic phase conjugation using nonlinear piezoelectric interactions in LiNbO 3 [1][2][3] and PbZr x Ti 1Àx O 3 (PZT) ceramics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reflection-Type Ultrasonic Phase Conjugate Imaging System with a Waveguide

Ohno¹,

Katō²,

Kokubo

et al. 2005

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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A reflection-type ultrasonic C-mode imaging system with an ultrasonic phase conjugator and a waveguide has been built, and images at 10 MHz have been obtained for metal samples with surface undulations. Surface or sub-surface elastic properties were visualized with a small influence of the surface roughness. The waveguide worked to enlarge the effective aperture of the phase conjugator, to smooth the incident-angle dependence of the phase conjugate reflectivity, and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the phase conjugate signals. Schlieren images of the ultrasonic fields in the system are also presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Purpose and Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reflection-Type Ultrasonic Phase Conjugate Imaging System with a Waveguide

Ohno¹,

Katō²,

Kokubo

et al. 2005

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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“…Phase conjugation was developed first in optics ͑a review is given, e.g., in the book by Zel'dovich et al 3 ͒ and subsequently introduced in acoustics by Bunkin et al 4 The most effective physical mechanisms for acoustic phase conjugation involve parametric modulation of the sound speed in solids through application of electromagnetic fields. [5][6][7][8] These and other methods of acoustic phase conjugation are reviewed by Brysev et al 6 and Ohno et al 7 In principle, perfect reproduction of the incident field by the time-reversed field may be accomplished when the following conditions are met: the mirror is a surface that encloses the source of radiation; the medium is lossless; and inhomogeneous properties of the medium do not vary with time. Although nonlinear propagation does not, by itself, prevent exact field reproduction, it does when amplification is introduced during time reversal, or when shocks are formed and therefore losses occur in either the incident or timereversed fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Time-reversed sound beams of finite amplitude

Cunningham

Hamilton

Brysev

et al. 2001

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Numerical simulations based on the nonlinear parabolic wave equation are used to investigate time reversal of sound beams radiated by unfocused and focused sources. Emphasis is placed on nonlinear propagation distortion in the time-reversed beam, and specifically its effect on field reconstruction. Distortion of this kind, due to amplification during time reversal, has been observed in recent experiments [A. P. Brysev et al., Acoust. Phys. 44, 641-650 (1998)]. Effects of diffraction introduced by time-reversal mirrors with finite apertures are also considered. It is shown that even in the presence of shock formation, the ability of time reversal to retarget most of the energy on the source or focal region of the incident beam is quite robust.

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“…Recent computational and experimental TRA studies in underwater acoustics suggest that TRAs can robustly retrofocus sound on remote sound sources in shallow ocean waters. TRA research has also been pursued in the area of bio-medical ultrasound , 1999, Tanter 1998, Roux et al 1999a), nondestructive evaluation (Chakroun et al 1995, Draeger et al 1998, Yonak & Dowling 1999, and other areas (Draeger et al 1999ab, Ohno et al 1999, Roux et al 1999b). The basic formulation of acoustic time reversal is provided in .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shallow Water Waveguide Influences on Time Reversing Array Retrofocusing

Dowling¹

2001

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Service. Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and AUTHOR(S)Dowling, David R. 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 97PR05675-005e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)University of Michigan Department of Mechanical Engineering 2250 G.G. Brown Ann Arhnr. MT 48109-7175 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBERDRDA# 97-1395 SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Office of Naval Research Ballston Centre Tower One 800 North Quincy Street Arlington, VA 22217-5660 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)ONR 734-936-0423 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)Prescribed by ANSI-Std Z39-18 F0RMA1-2 AUGMENTATION AWARDS FOR SCIENCE & ENGINEERING RESEARCH TRAINING (ASSERT) REPORTING FORMThe Department of Defense (DOD) requires certain information to evaluate the effectiveness of the AASERT program. By accepting this Grant Modification, which bestows the AASERT funds, the Grantee agrees to provide the information requested below to the Government's technical point of contact by each annual anniversary of the ASSERT award date. Grantee identification data: (R &T and Grant numbers found on ABSTRACTThis project seeks to quantitatively predict time-reversing array retrofocus size and longevity in the presence of the physical phenomena common in shallow ocean waters. These phenomena include guided-wave propagations, acoustic absorption, dynamic internal waves, and bottom roughness. In addition the influence of the orientation of linear arrays with respect to the waveguide axis and the source has been addressed. RESULTSThe main findings of this project are contained in the three attached manuscripts. The research work completed here represents the doctoral dissertation of Michael R. Dungan. ATTACHMENTS[1] M.R. Dungan and D.R. Dowling, "Computed time-reversing array retrofocusing in a dynamic shallow ocean," J. Acoust. Soc. Am, Vol. 107, 3101-3112, 2000.[2] M.R. Dungan and D.R. Dowling, "Computed narrowband azimuthal time-reversing array retrofocusing in shallow water," revised for the J. Acoust. Soc. Am, Nov. 2000.[3] Dungan, M.R. and Dowling, D.R., "Orientation and linear time reversing array retrofocusing in shallow water," submitted to the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Feb. 2001 Computed narrow-band time-reversing array retrofocusing in a dynamic shallow ocean A time-reversing array (TRA) can retrofocus acoustic energy, in both time and space, to the original sound-source location without any environmental information. This unique capability may be degraded in time-...

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Acoustic phase conjugation by nonlinear piezoelectricity. I. Principle and basic experiments

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Reflection-Type Ultrasonic Phase Conjugate Imaging System with a Waveguide

Reflection-Type Ultrasonic Phase Conjugate Imaging System with a Waveguide

Time-reversed sound beams of finite amplitude

Shallow Water Waveguide Influences on Time Reversing Array Retrofocusing

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