Acoustic Features of the Weeping Lizard's Distress Call

Labra, Antonieta; Silva, Gabriela; Norambuena, Fernanda; Velásquez, Nelson; Penna, Mario

doi:10.1643/ce-12-026

Cited by 31 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Based on the cyt-b locus, the uncorrected average pairwise difference between Liolaemus zabalai and Liolaemus buergeri is 2.94% (Medina et al 2014), greater than the values reported for other Liolaemus widely accepted as valid species (see discussion). Also, Liolaemus zabalai can vocalize, a feature only documented for Liolaemus chiliensis in the entire genus Liolaemus (Labra et al 2013). Finally, although the ranges overlap, males of Liolaemus buergeri have 3–4 (x = 3.3) precloacal pores, whereas males of Liolaemus zabalai have 3–5 (x = 3.9) precloacal pores (Medina et al 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison, other Liolaemus lizards widely accepted as valid species show a lower level of differentiation for the mitochondrial gene cyt-b, for example: Liolaemus martorii Abdala, 2003 vs. Liolaemus morenoi Etheridge & Christie, 2003, 2.73% (Avila et al 2010b); Liolaemus riojanus Cei, 1979 vs. Liolaemus multimaculatus (Duméril & Bibron, 1837), 1.23% (Avila et al 2009); Liolaemus chacabucoense Núñez & Scolaro, 2009 vs. Liolaemus kingii (Bell, 1843), 2.22% (Breitman 2013). Liolaemus zabalai can vocalize, a trait only documented for Liolaemus chiliensis (Labra et al 2013) and also taken as diagnostic feature in Liolaemus (Pincheira-Donoso and Núñez 2005: 232) and the closely related genus Phymaturus (Lobo et al 2010a: 118). Regarding the morphological diagnosis included in previous studies, Pincheira-Donoso and Núñez (2005) reviewed two specimens of Liolaemus kriegi from Laja Lagoon (here described as Liolaemus zabalai ), which they described and provided the following diagnosis “the species is very similar to Liolaemus buergeri , differing in that the latter has a lighter color, brown or dark brown; in combination with a smaller number of keeled scales on the dorsum” (Pincheira-Donoso and Núñez 2005: 289, our translation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two new species of the Liolaemus elongatus-kriegi complex (Iguania, Liolaemidae) from Andean highlands of southern Chile

Troncoso-Palacios¹,

Arciniegas²,

Esquerré³

et al. 2015

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The elongatus-kriegi complex is one of the most diverse clades of the Liolaemus (sensu stricto) subgenus of lizards. There are currently 29 species recognized in this group distributed between Chile and Argentina. Based on molecular evidence, there seem to be five main clades nested within this complex: the elongatus, leopardinus, kriegi, petrophilus and punmahuida clades. Liolaemus buergeri and Liolaemus kriegi, both of the kriegi clade, were believed to inhabit the surroundings of the Laja Lagoon, in the Biobío Region of Chile. Moreover, this Chilean population of Liolaemus kriegi was recently recognized as an undescribed taxon called “Liolaemus sp. A” based on molecular phylogenetics. In this work, we studied these two populations of the Laja Lagoon and provided the morphological diagnosis to describe them as two new species: Liolaemus scorialis sp. n. and Liolaemus zabalai sp. n., previously considered Liolaemus buergeri and “Liolaemus kriegi/Liolaemus sp. A” respectively. Additionally, we identified another population of Liolaemus scorialis in the vicinity of La Mula Lagoon in the Araucanía Region of Chile. Liolaemus scorialis differs from almost all of the species of the elongatus-kriegi complex by its considerably smaller size. Nevertheless, without molecular data we cannot assign it to any particular subclade. Liolaemus zabalai belongs to the kriegi clade based on published molecular phylogenies. Finally, we provide some natural history data on both species and we document for the first time the presence of Liolaemus neuquensis in Chile from a museum specimen from La Mula Lagoon.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two new species of the Liolaemus elongatus-kriegi complex (Iguania, Liolaemidae) from Andean highlands of southern Chile

Troncoso-Palacios¹,

Arciniegas²,

Esquerré³

et al. 2015

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“…For lizards, there are no studies on the role of these vocalizations even if many species vocalize under predation risk (see Labra et al. ). It is probable that lizards use conspecific calls to reduce their predation risk, because many species respond to the sounds associated with predation even if they do not use sounds in social interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) commonly called the weeping or crying lizard (Donoso‐Barros ), because it emits distress calls when it is subdued (Labra et al. ). Interestingly, this species is the only one of this highly diverse genus (>230 spp; Breitman et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for the Audience of the Weeping Lizard's Distress Call

Hoare

Labra

2013

Ethology

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The evolution and functions of avian and mammalian antipredator calls are well understood, which contrasts with a lack of progress in reptiles. Here, we present the first investigation of the functions of a distress call in a lizard. We studied Liolaemus chiliensis, which emits a short and complex high‐pitched scream when it is subdued. We determined the behavioral responses of two potential targets to these calls, conspecifics, and a snake predator. Additionally, we tested whether the chemical environment (presence of chemical scents from conspecifics) modulates the lizards' responses to calls. Both the conspecifics and the predator responded to the distress calls, which triggered a longer period of immobility in the lizards and a reduction in exploratory behavior in the snake, as compared to a white noise. In addition, the lizards in the arena with scents of conspecifics responded to distress calls and noise with more movements and escape attempts. These results suggest that distress calls may enhance the survival of L. chiliensis individuals.

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“…Reptiles emit vocalizations in a broad range of frequencies-they produce sounds mainly between 0.1-4 kHz-but some turtles, crocodiles, and also lizards are able to generate calls above 20 kHz [5,6]. In addition, as a consequence of their behavior and small size, most reptiles can be very difficult to detect in the field using visual surveys [7], which can lead to an underestimation of species richness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusion of Linear and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefﬁcients for Automatic Classiﬁcation of Reptiles

2017

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Bioacoustic research of reptile calls and vocalizations has been limited due to the general consideration that they are voiceless. However, several species of geckos, turtles, and crocodiles are able to produce simple and even complex vocalizations which are species-specific. This work presents a novel approach for the automatic taxonomic identification of reptiles through their bioacoustics by applying pattern recognition techniques. The sound signals are automatically segmented, extracting each call from the background noise. Then, their calls are parametrized using Linear and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (LFCC and MFCC) to serve as features in the classification stage. In this study, 27 reptile species have been successfully identified using two machine learning algorithms: K-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Experimental results show an average classification accuracy of 97.78% and 98.51%, respectively.

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Acoustic Features of the Weeping Lizard's Distress Call

Cited by 31 publications

References 48 publications

Two new species of the Liolaemus elongatus-kriegi complex (Iguania, Liolaemidae) from Andean highlands of southern Chile

Two new species of the Liolaemus elongatus-kriegi complex (Iguania, Liolaemidae) from Andean highlands of southern Chile

Searching for the Audience of the Weeping Lizard's Distress Call

Fusion of Linear and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefﬁcients for Automatic Classiﬁcation of Reptiles

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