“…Microbubble shells can be composed of a variety of substances, including a surfactant (eg, SonoVue [Bracco SpA, Milan, Italy], Definity [Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA], and Sonazoid [GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway]), silver nanoparticles, protein (eg, Albunex [Molecular Biosystems, San Diego, CA], CARDIOsphere [POINT Biomedical Corp, San Carlos, California], Optison [GE Healthcare]), a biopolymer (eg, ligands targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor [VEGFR], α v β 3 ‐integrin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), galactose (eg, Echovist and Levovist [Schering AG, Berlin, Germany]), and polymers (eg, Acusphere [Acusphere Inc, Watertown, MA] and Sonovist [Schering AG]) . Microbubbles are often filled with varying gases such as air (eg, Levovist and Echovist), perflurobutane (eg, Sonazoid), perfluorohexane (eg, Imagent and Imavist [Alliance Pharmaceutical, San Diego, CA]), octafluoropropane (eg, Definity, Luminity [Lantheus Medical Imaging], and Optison), or sulfur hexafluoride (eg, Lumason [Bracco SpA] and SonoVue) . Most recent generations of microbubbles are smaller than 7 μm and can reach pulmonary and systemic capillaries.…”