Acoustic Analysis of Snoring and the Site of Airway Obstruction in Sleep Related Respiratory Disorders

Miyazaki, Soichiro; Itasaka, Yoshiaki; Ishikawa, Kinya; Togawa, Kiyoshi

doi:10.1080/00016489850182350

Cited by 61 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…17,19 The PF of snores generated from soft palate, tonsils, epiglottis, and base of tongue may lie in the range of 105-189, 85-201, 331-510, and 1215-1277 Hz, respectively 3 ; the fundamental frequency of palatal snores and tongue base snores may be of 103 ± 35 and 332 ± 145 Hz, respectively. 33 The proposed markers (PF1 and PSF), which signify approximated modes with highest coupling strength, have clearly demonstrated their capability to discriminate between snorers with and without OSA (p < 0.0001). To further appraise the markers, we comparatively evaluated their diagnostic performance with those obtained from conventional power spectral analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…To further appraise the markers, we comparatively evaluated their diagnostic performance with those obtained from conventional power spectral analysis. PF, a typical indicator for identifying apneic and benign snorers, 17,19 as well as locating snoring sites, 3,33 was estimated from the Welch's method 48 using a 256-sample (%23 ms, an assumption of quasistationary period similar to that of speech signals 9 ) and a 512-sample (%46 ms, identical to the present experimental condition) Hanning window with 75% overlap. Results confirm that the proposed markers could yield better diagnostic accuracy than the conventional PF indicator in detecting OSA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Nonlinear Mode Interactions in Nonstationary Snore Signals

Koh

Abeyratne

et al. 2009

Ann Biomed Eng

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Acoustic studies on snoring sounds have recently drawn attention as a potential alternative to polysomnography in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This paper investigates the feasibility of using nonlinear coupling between frequency modes in snore signals via wavelet bicoherence (WBC) analysis for screening of OSA. Two novel markers (PF1 and PSF), which are frequency modes with high nonlinear coupling strength in their respective WBC spectrum, are proposed to differentiate between apneic and benign snores in same- or both-gender snorers. Snoring sounds were recorded from 40 subjects (30 apneic and 10 benign) by a hanging microphone, and subsequently preprocessed within a wavelet transform domain. Forty inspiratory snores (30 as training and 10 as test data) from each subject were examined. Results demonstrate that nonlinear mode interactions in apneic snores are less self-coupled and usually occupy higher and wider frequency ranges than that of benign snores. PF1 and PSF are indicative of apneic and benign snores (p < 0.0001), with optimal thresholds of PF1 = 285 Hz and PSF = 492 Hz (for both genders combined), as well as sensitivity and specificity values between 85.0 and 90.7%, respectively, outperforming the conventional diagnostic indicator (spectral peak frequency, PF = 243-275 Hz, sensitivity = 77.7-79.7%, specificity = 72.0-78.0%, p < 0.0001). Relationships between apnea-hypopnea index and the proposed markers could likely take the functional form of exponential or power. Perspectives on nonlinear dynamics analysis of snore signals are promising for further research and development of a reliable and inexpensive diagnostic tool for OSA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Nonlinear Mode Interactions in Nonstationary Snore Signals

Koh

Abeyratne

et al. 2009

Ann Biomed Eng

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“…For example, Saunders et al [4] identified that palatal snorers produced sound with a centre frequency below 90 Hz, whereas all pure tongue-base snorers produced sound with a centre frequency above this value, thereby allowing one to differentiate between the two snoring causes and decide on a more appropriate treatment strategy in each instance. Further investigations have concurred with this idea and claimed that it should indeed be possible to use sound spectral analysis to determine anatomically obstructive areas [5][6][7]. Previously, a 'multidimensional voice program' (MDVP) has been used for acoustic analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of upper airway obstruction in snoring patients using digital video stroboscopy

Kotecha

Kumar

Sands

et al. 2013

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Stroboscopy is routinely used in voice disorder clinics but its use in studying the mechanisms of upper airway obstruction in patients who snore has not yet been described. This study combines the use of stroboscopy during sleep nasendoscopy to evaluate the oscillations and vibrations observed during snoring in slow motion. In addition, we utilised the multi-dimensional voice programme simultaneously to study some of the acoustic parameters of snoring whilst visualising the dynamics of the upper airway. Forty-five patients with primary snoring or mild obstructive sleep apnoea were recruited at two different centres and underwent sleep nasendoscopy. The simultaneous use of acoustic analysis was included to ascertain whether sound analysis alone could replace the need for using the sedation endoscopy in these patients. The use of a stroboscopic light source indeed enhanced the visualisation during the procedure and some subtle aspects of the mechanisms of upper airway obstruction, such as vibrations of the posterior pharyngeal wall and mucosal waves were identified. Most of the patients in this study exhibited multilevel obstruction and thus acoustic analysis alone would not be sufficient in accurately locating the site of upper airway obstruction in snorers.

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“…While Miyazaki et al [55] identified only seven cases of increased nasal resistance in a group of 54 patients with OSA (13%), other cases have been reported in which surgical procedures on the nose by themselves relieved mild OSA [70,76]. A review of the literature yielded nine publications reporting the success of surgical procedures on the nose in patients with OSA, which include patients' pre-and postoperative sleep laboratory findings.…”

Section: Surgical Therapymentioning

confidence: 97%

Long-term results in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea

Pirsig¹,

Verse²

2000

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology

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No recent update is available on long-term results of the various types of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) which can help the physician in evaluating the individually tailored treatment for patients with OSA in the long term. We arbitrarily defined "long-term" results as those after at least 3 years and reviewed the literature from the past 25 years for reports on conservative, apparative, and surgical therapy of OSA in children and adults. Another inclusion criterion was that the diagnosis was also confirmed by polysomnography before treatment and at follow-up. Only relatively few long-term studies meeting the criteria of 'evidence based medicine' were found, comparing the findings of these was difficult or impossible due to varying criteria for success. Long-term data were available about the effect of weight reduction, nasal ventilation therapy, oral devices, tonsillectomy, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, maxillomandibular advancement osteotomies, and tracheotomy. After approx. 25 years many treatment modalities in sleep medicine are still experimental concerning the long-term use for the individual. In particular, randomized controlled trials in surgery are lacking. Late results show that at least 50% of patients with OSA can be treated effectively by one or a combination of treatments. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure, tracheotomy, maxillomandibular advancement osteotomy, and tonsillectomy are the most effective treatments of OSA.

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Acoustic Analysis of Snoring and the Site of Airway Obstruction in Sleep Related Respiratory Disorders

Cited by 61 publications

References 1 publication

Investigation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Nonlinear Mode Interactions in Nonstationary Snore Signals

Investigation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Nonlinear Mode Interactions in Nonstationary Snore Signals

Evaluation of upper airway obstruction in snoring patients using digital video stroboscopy

Long-term results in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea

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