“…Normally, cells are able to deal effectively with limited PM damage, owing to the function of membrane repair proteins. [10][11][12] According to the type and size of wounds, the cells may take up different mechanisms for PM repair, such as endocytosis, 11,13 membrane patching, 5,14 and extracellular budding, 12,15,16 but as the first step, all of them need to drive the aggregation of membrane repair proteins at the site of membrane damage. [17][18][19][20] For example, in the repair of muscle cell membranes, annexins, actin and mitsugumin 53 (MG53) are rapidly recruited to the damage sites and stabilize the membrane lesion.…”